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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for their potential in software engineering, particularly in static analysis tasks. In this study, we investigate the potential of current LLMs to enhance call-graph analysis and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Ashwin Prasad Shivarpatna Venkatesh , Rose Sunil , Samkutty Sabu , Amir M. Mir , Sofia Reis , Eric Bodden

We introduce a new type of programming challenge called programming puzzles, as an objective and comprehensive evaluation of program synthesis, and release an open-source dataset of Python Programming Puzzles (P3). Each puzzle is defined by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Tal Schuster , Ashwin Kalyan , Oleksandr Polozov , Adam Tauman Kalai

Command injection vulnerabilities are a significant security threat in dynamic languages like Python, particularly in widely used open-source projects where security issues can have extensive impact. With the proven effectiveness of Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuxuan Wang , Jingshu Chen , Qingyang Wang

Gradual typing enables developers to annotate types of their own choosing, offering a flexible middle ground between no type annotations and a fully statically typed language. As more and more code bases get type-annotated, static type…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Yiu Wai Chow , Luca Di Grazia , Michael Pradel

Python is a multi-paradigm programming language that fully supports object-oriented (OO) programming. The language allows writing code in a non-procedural imperative manner, using procedures, using classes, or in a functional style. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Robert Dyer , Jigyasa Chauhan

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted for code vulnerability detection, their reliability and robustness across diverse vulnerability types have become a pressing concern. In traditional adversarial settings, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Xiao Li , Yue Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Yechao Zhang , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

New cloud programming and deployment models pose challenges to software application engineers who are looking, often in vain, for tools to automate any necessary code adaptation and transformation. Function-as-a-Service interfaces are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-05-24 Josef Spillner

Python is known to be a versatile language, well suited both for beginners and advanced users. Some elements of the language are easier to understand than others: some are found in any kind of code, while some others are used only by…

Text embedding models are widely used in natural language processing applications. However, their capability is often benchmarked on tasks that do not require understanding nuanced numerical information in text. As a result, it remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ningyuan Deng , Hanyu Duan , Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang

One of the most significant challenges in the field of software code auditing is the presence of vulnerabilities in software source code. Every year, more and more software flaws are discovered, either internally in proprietary code or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Mst Shapna Akter , Hossain Shahriar , Juan Rodriguez Cardenas , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed , Alfredo Cuzzocrea

With the rise of machine learning, there is a great deal of interest in treating programs as data to be fed to learning algorithms. However, programs do not start off in a form that is immediately amenable to most off-the-shelf learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Jordan Henkel , Shuvendu K. Lahiri , Ben Liblit , Thomas Reps

This work introduces (1) a technique that allows large language models (LLMs) to leverage user-provided code when solving programming tasks and (2) a method to iteratively generate modular sub-functions that can aid future code generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Patrick Hajali , Ignas Budvytis

Natural language processing has improved tremendously after the success of word embedding techniques such as word2vec. Recently, the same idea has been applied on source code with encouraging results. In this survey, we aim to collect and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Zimin Chen , Martin Monperrus

Due to the rise of machine learning, Python is an increasingly popular programming language. Python, however, is dynamically typed. Dynamic typing has shown to have drawbacks when a project grows, while at the same time it improves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Casper Boone , Niels de Bruin , Arjan Langerak , Fabian Stelmach

Typical deep clustering methods, while achieving notable progress, can only provide one clustering result per dataset. This limitation arises from their assumption of a fixed underlying data distribution, which may fail to meet user needs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xinyue Wang , Yuheng Jia , Hui Liu , Junhui Hou

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a cornerstone of modern hardware design, yet manually translating design intent into formal SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) remains labor-intensive and error-prone. While Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchao Wu , Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Wenkai Li , Ziyan Guo , Zhiyao Xie

Python type inference is challenging in practice. Due to its dynamic properties and extensive dependencies on third-party libraries without type annotations, the performance of traditional static analysis techniques is limited. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Siwei Cui , Gang Zhao , Zeyu Dai , Luochao Wang , Ruihong Huang , Jeff Huang

Motivated by the amount of code that goes unidentified on the web, we introduce a practical method for algorithmically identifying the programming language of source code. Our work is based on supervised learning and intelligent statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-11-10 David Klein , Kyle Murray , Simon Weber

We present a data definition framework that enables the convenient specification of data types in ACL2s, the ACL2 Sedan. Our primary motivation for developing the data definition framework was pedagogical. We were teaching undergraduate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-06-09 Harsh Raju Chamarthi , Peter C. Dillinger , Panagiotis Manolios

Python is a widely adopted programming language, valued for its simplicity and flexibility. However, its dynamic type system poses significant challenges for automated refactoring - an essential practice in software evolution aimed at…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jonhnanthan Oliveira , Rohit Gheyi , Márcio Ribeiro , Alessandro Garcia