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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have remarkable abilities in generating multimodal reasoning tasks. However, potential misuse or safety alignment concerns of VLMs have increased significantly due to different categories of attack vectors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

While the safety risks of image-based large language models (Image LLMs) have been extensively studied, their video-based counterparts (Video LLMs) remain critically under-examined. To systematically study this problem, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yiwei Sun , Peiqi Jiang , Chuanbin Liu , Luohao Lin , Zhiying Lu , Hongtao Xie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models leverage pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) to couple perception with robotic control, offering a promising path toward general-purpose embodied intelligence. However, current SOTA VLAs are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yandu Chen , Kefan Gu , Yuqing Wen , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Liqiang Nie

Long-term action anticipation (LTA) aims to predict future actions over an extended period. Previous approaches primarily focus on learning exclusively from video data but lack prior knowledge. Recent researches leverage large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Congqi Cao , Lanshu Hu , Yating Yu , Yanning Zhang

With the widespread use of multi-modal Large Language models (MLLMs), safety issues have become a growing concern. Multi-turn dialogues, which are more common in everyday interactions, pose a greater risk than single prompts; however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Han Zhu , Juntao Dai , Jiaming Ji , Haoran Li , Chengkun Cai , Pengcheng Wen , Chi-Min Chan , Boyuan Chen , Yaodong Yang , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pose critical safety challenges, as they are susceptible not only to adversarial attacks such as jailbreaking but also to inadvertently generating harmful content for benign users. While internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ming Wen , Kun Yang , Xin Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Dingding Han , Shiwen Cui , Yuedong Xu

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve target images from candidate set using a hybrid-modality query consisting of a reference image and a relative caption that describes the user intent. Recent studies attempt to utilize…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zelong Sun , Dong Jing , Guoxing Yang , Nanyi Fei , Zhiwu Lu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional capabilities across various tasks but also pose risks by generating harmful content. Existing safety mechanisms, while improving model safety, often lead to overly cautious behavior and fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Peixuan Han , Cheng Qian , Xiusi Chen , Yuji Zhang , Heng Ji , Denghui Zhang

Large-scale Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit advanced capabilities in tasks that require visual information, including object detection. These capabilities have promising applications in various industrial domains, such as autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haruki Sakajo , Hiroshi Takato , Hiroshi Tsutsui , Komei Soda , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are widely used in various fields due to their powerful cross-modal comprehension and generation capabilities. However, more modalities bring more vulnerabilities to being utilized for jailbreak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shiji Zhao , Shukun Xiong , Yao Huang , Yan Jin , Zhenyu Wu , Jiyang Guan , Ranjie Duan , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xingxing Wei

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly applied to identify unsafe or inappropriate images due to their internal ethical standards and powerful reasoning abilities. However, it is still unclear whether they can recognize various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) is becoming a key capability that allows large vision-language models (LVLMs) to adapt to novel tasks without parameter updates, which expands their usefulness in many real-world applications. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yanshu Li , Jianjiang Yang , Ziteng Yang , Bozheng Li , Ligong Han , Hongyang He , Zhengtao Yao , Yingjie Victor Chen , Songlin Fei , Dongfang Liu , Ruixiang Tang

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating images from text prompts, but their output quality and safety still depend heavily on how prompts are phrased. Existing safety methods typically refine prompts using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jinwoo Jeon , JunHyeok Oh , Hayeong Lee , Byung-Jun Lee

Multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) are increasingly deployed for vision-language tasks that produce explicit intermediate rationales. However, reasoning traces can contain unsafe content even when the final answer is non-harmful,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuxiao Xiang , Junchi Chen , Zhenchao Jin , Changtao Miao , Haojie Yuan , Qi Chu , Tao Gong , Nenghai Yu

Safeguarding vision-language models (VLMs) is a critical challenge, as existing methods often suffer from over-defense, which harms utility, or rely on shallow alignment, failing to detect complex threats that require deep reasoning. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Nanxi Li , Zhengyue Zhao , G. Edward Suh , Marco Pavone , Chaowei Xiao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive reasoning abilities. However, they are also more vulnerable to jailbreak attacks than their LLM predecessors. Although still capable of detecting the unsafe responses, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal perception and generation, yet their safety alignment remains a critical challenge.Existing defenses and vulnerable to multimodal jailbreaks, as visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 MingSheng Li , Guangze Zhao , Sichen Liu

The safety alignment ability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is prone to be degraded by the integration of the vision module compared to its LLM backbone. We investigate this phenomenon, dubbed as ''safety alignment degradation'' in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Qin Liu , Chao Shang , Ling Liu , Nikolaos Pappas , Jie Ma , Neha Anna John , Srikanth Doss , Lluis Marquez , Miguel Ballesteros , Yassine Benajiba

Improving the effectiveness of human-robot interaction requires social robots to accurately infer human goals through robust intention understanding. This challenge is particularly critical in multimodal settings, where agents must…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hamed Rahimi , Clemence Grislain , Adrien Jacquet Cretides , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

Vision-language models (VLMs) often inherit the biases and unsafe associations present within their large-scale training dataset. While recent approaches mitigate unsafe behaviors, their evaluation focuses on how safe the model is on unsafe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Moreno D'Incà , Elia Peruzzo , Xingqian Xu , Humphrey Shi , Nicu Sebe , Massimiliano Mancini