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The Einstein Telescope is the next-generation gravitational wave interferometer which, compared to current detectors, will enable the observation of gravitational signals at lower frequencies with a sensitivity improved by approximately two…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-12 Federico Armato , Barbara Garaventa , Andrea Chincarini

Seismic Newtonian noise is predicted to limit the sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope. It can be reduced with coherent noise cancellation techniques using data from seismometers. To achieve the best results, it is important to place the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-15 Francesca Badaracco , Jan Harms , Luca Rei

Gravitational wave detectors like the Einstein Telescope will be built a few hundred meters under Earth's surface to reduce both direct seismic and Newtonian noise. Underground facilities must be designed to take full advantage of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-24 Florian Amann , Francesca Badaracco , Riccardo DeSalvo , Andrea Paoli , Luca Paoli , Paolo Ruggi , Stefano Selleri

Einstein Telescope (ET) is a planned third generation gravitational waves detector located in Europe. Its design will be different from currently build interferometers, because ET will consist of three interferometers rotated by a 60 deg…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-25 I. Kowalska-Leszczynska , T. Bulik

Advanced gravitational wave detectors, currently under construction, are expected to directly observe gravitational wave signals of astrophysical origin. The Einstein Telescope, a third-generation gravitational wave detector, has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 S. Hild , M. Abernathy , F. Acernese , P. Amaro-Seoane , N. Andersson , K. Arun , F. Barone , B. Barr , M. Barsuglia , M. Beker , N. Beveridge , S. Birindelli , S. Bose , L. Bosi , S. Braccini , C. Bradaschia , T. Bulik , E. Calloni , G. Cella , E. Chassande Mottin , S. Chelkowski , A. Chincarini , J. Clark , E. Coccia , C. Colacino , J. Colas , A. Cumming , L. Cunningham , E. Cuoco , S. Danilishin , K. Danzmann , R. De Salvo , T. Dent , R. De Rosa , L. Di Fiore , A. Di Virgilio , M. Doets , V. Fafone , P. Falferi , R. Flaminio , J. Franc , F. Frasconi , A. Freise , D. Friedrich , P. Fulda , J. Gair , G. Gemme , E. Genin , A. Gennai , A. Giazotto , K. Glampedakis , C. Gräf , M. Granata , H. Grote , G. Guidi , A. Gurkovsky , G. Hammond , M. Hannam , J. Harms , D. Heinert , M. Hendry , I. Heng , E. Hennes , J. Hough , S. Husa , S. Huttner , G. Jones , F. Khalili , K. Kokeyama , K. Kokkotas , B. Krishnan , T. G. F. Li , M. Lorenzini , H. Lück , E. Majorana , I. Mandel , V. Mandic , M. Mantovani , I. Martin , C. Michel , Y. Minenkov , N. Morgado , S. Mosca , B Mours , H. Müller-Ebhardt , P. Murray , R. Nawrodt , J. Nelson , R. Oshaughnessy , C. D. Ott , C. Palomba , A. Paoli , G. Parguez , A. Pasqualetti , R. Passaquieti , D. Passuello , L. Pinard , W. Plastino , R. Poggiani1 , P. Popolizio , M. Prato , M. Punturo , P. Puppo , D. Rabeling , P. Rapagnani , J. Read , T. Regimbau , H. Rehbein , S. Reid , F. Ricci , F. Richard , A. Rocchi , S. Rowan , A. Rüdiger , L. Santamaría , B. Sassolas , B. Sathyaprakash , R. Schnabel , C. Schwarz , P. Seidel , A. Sintes , K. Somiya , F. Speirits , K. Strain , S Strigin , P. Sutton , S. Tarabrin , A. Thüring , J. van den Brand , M. van Veggel , C. van den Broeck , A. Vecchio , J. Veitch , F. Vetrano , A. Vicere , S. Vyatchanin , B. Willke , G. Woan , K. Yamamoto

The Einstein Telescope is a third-generation underground gravitational wave observatory designed to achieve unprecedented sensitivity down to 3 Hz. Waves propagating in the soil due to anthropogenic or natural vibration sources generate…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Pieter Reumers , Xhorxha Kuci , Stijn François , Geert Degrande

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a third-generation underground gravitational-wave observatory designed to extend the detection sensitivity down to a few Hertz. Newtonian noise is expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of ET,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Patrick Schillings , Shi Yao , Johannes Erdmann , Andreas Rietbrock

Gravitational-wave detectors use state-of-the-art quantum technologies to reduce the noise induced by vacuum fluctuations, via injection of squeezed states of light. Future detectors, such as Einstein Telescope, may require the use of two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-22 Jacques Ding , Eleonora Capocasa , Isander Ahrend , Fangfei Liu , Yuhang Zhao , Matteo Barsuglia

Among third-generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors proposed for the next decade, the Einstein Telescope provides a unique kind of null stream $\unicode{x2014}$ the signal-free linear combination of data $\unicode{x2014}$ that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-15 Boris Goncharov , Alexander H. Nitz , Jan Harms

Newtonian noise in gravitational wave detectors originates from density fluctuations in the adjacency of the interferometer mirrors. At the Einstein Telescope, this noise source is expected to be dominant for low frequencies. Its impact is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-17 Patrick Schillings , Johannes Erdmann

The Einstein Telescope is a proposed third generation gravitational wave detector that will operate in the region of 1 Hz to a few kHz. As well as the inspiral of compact binaries composed of neutron stars or black holes, the lower…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-28 Leone Bosi , Edward K. Porter

Several proposed gravitational wave interferometers have a triangular configuration, such as the Einstein Telescope and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. For such a configuration one can construct a unique null channel insensitive to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-03 Kamiel Janssens , Guillaume Boileau , Marie-Anne Bizouard , Nelson Christensen , Tania Regimbau , Nick van Remortel

Implementation of the quantum interferometry concept to spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensates is analyzed by employing a polar state evolved in time. In order to identify the best interferometric configurations, the quantum Fisher…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-10-24 Artur Niezgoda , Dariusz Kajtoch , Joanna Dziekańska , Emilia Witkowska

We introduce \textit{SeismoGPT}, a transformer-based model for forecasting three-component seismic waveforms in the context of future gravitational wave detectors like the Einstein Telescope. The model is trained in an autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Waleed Esmail , Alexander Kappes , Stuart Russell , Christine Thomas

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) underground observatory. It will have greatly increased sensitivity compared to current GW detectors, and it is designed to extend the observation band down…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-28 Jan Harms , Luca Naticchioni , Enrico Calloni , Rosario De Rosa , Fulvio Ricci , Domenico D'Urso

Gravitational wave detectors such as KAGRA, a 3-km long underground laser interferometer in Japan, require elaborate passive and active seismic isolation of their mirrors. With the aim of detecting passing gravitational waves that create a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-18 Terrence Tsang , Fabián Erasmo Peña Arellano , Takafumi Ushiba , Ryutaro Takahashi , Yoichi Aso , Katherine Dooley

Besides improving communication performance, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are also promising enablers for achieving larger sensing coverage and enhanced sensing quality. Nevertheless, in the absence of a direct path between the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Kaitao Meng , Qingqing Wu , Robert Schober , Wen Chen

With significantly improved sensitivity, the Einstein Telescope (ET), along with other upcoming gravitational wave detectors, will mark the beginning of precision gravitational wave astronomy. However, the pursuit of surpassing current…

Tilt-horizontal coupling in inertial sensors limits the performance of active isolation systems such as those used in gravitational wave detectors. Inertial rotation sensors can be used to subtract the tilt component from the signal…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-06-29 F. Matichard , M. Evans , R. Mittleman , M. McInnis , S. Biscans , K. L. Dooley , H. Sohier , A. Lauriero , H. Paris , J. Koch , P. Knothe , A. Carbajo , C. Dufort

We develop a time-optimal approach to force sensing using a Bose-Einstein condensate in a shaken optical lattice. Optimal control protocols are derived from a Fisher information framework and yield optimal dynamics that spontaneously…

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