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The rapid development of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved the quality of generated texts, necessitating reliable machine-generated text detectors. A huge number of detectors and collections with AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 German Gritsai , Anastasia Voznyuk , Andrey Grabovoy , Yury Chekhovich

As frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly saturate new benchmarks shortly after they are published, benchmarking itself is at a juncture: if frontier models keep improving, it will become increasingly hard for humans to generate…

The recent proliferation of AI-generated content has prompted significant interest in developing reliable detection methods. This study explores techniques for identifying AI-generated text through sentence-level evaluation within hybrid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Dima Galat

Automated \enquote{LLM-as-a-Judge} frameworks have become the de facto standard for scalable evaluation across natural language processing. For instance, in safety evaluation, these judges are relied upon to evaluate harmfulness in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Leo Schwinn , Moritz Ladenburger , Tim Beyer , Mehrnaz Mofakhami , Gauthier Gidel , Stephan Günnemann

The proliferation of generative AI and deceptive synthetic media threatens the global information ecosystem, especially across the Global Majority. This report from WITNESS highlights the limitations of current AI detection tools, which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Shirin Anlen , Zuzanna Wojciak

Current techniques for detecting AI-generated text are largely confined to manual feature crafting and supervised binary classification paradigms. These methodologies typically lead to performance bottlenecks and unsatisfactory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Xun Guo , Shan Zhang , Yongxin He , Ting Zhang , Wanquan Feng , Haibin Huang , Chongyang Ma

The robustness of AI-content detection models against sophisticated adversarial strategies, such as paraphrasing or word switching, is a rising concern in natural language generation (NLG) applications. This study proposes ToBlend, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Fan Huang , Haewoon Kwak , Jisun An

Evaluation protocols play key role in the developmental progress of text detection methods. There are strict requirements to ensure that the evaluation methods are fair, objective and reasonable. However, existing metrics exhibit some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Yuliang Liu , Lianwen Jin , Zecheng Xie , Canjie Luo , Shuaitao Zhang , Lele Xie

Machine-generated text (MGT) detection requires identifying structurally invariant signals across generation models, rather than relying on model-specific fingerprints. In this respect, we hypothesize that while large language models excel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lucio La Cava , Andrea Tagarelli

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) unlock powerful multimodal reasoning but also expand the attack surface, particularly through adversarial inputs that conceal harmful goals in benign prompts. We propose SHIELD, a lightweight,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Aligning autonomous agents with human intent remains a central challenge in modern AI. A key manifestation of this challenge is reward hacking, whereby agents appear successful under the evaluation signal while violating the intended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Amit Roth , Ankur Samanta , Matan Halevy , Yoav Levine , Yonathan Efroni

We present SHIELD, a novel methodology for automated and integrated safety signal detection in clinical trials. SHIELD combines disproportionality analysis with semantic clustering of adverse event (AE) terms applied to MedDRA term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Francois Vandenhende , Anna Georgiou , Theodoros Psaras , Ellie Karekla

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) trained on web-scale image-text pairs have enabled impressive zero-shot transfer across a diverse range of visual tasks. However, comprehensive and independent evaluation beyond standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jia Chengyu , AprilPyone MaungMaung , Huy H. Nguyen , Jinyin Chen , Isao Echizen

The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating multilingual text and source code has only increased the imperative for machine-generated content detectors to be accurate and efficient across domains. Current detectors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shriyansh Agrawal , Aidan Lau , Sanyam Shah , Ahan M R , Kevin Zhu , Sunishchal Dev , Vasu Sharma

Machine translation quality has steadily improved over the years, achieving near-perfect translations in recent benchmarks. These high-quality outputs make it difficult to distinguish between state-of-the-art models and to identify areas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Lorenzo Proietti , Stefano Perrella , Vilém Zouhar , Roberto Navigli , Tom Kocmi

The rapid advancement of large language models has increasingly blurred the boundary between human-written and AI-generated text, raising societal risks such as misinformation dissemination, authorship ambiguity, and threats to intellectual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xiaowei Zhu , Yubing Ren , Fang Fang , Shi Wang , Yanan Cao , Li Guo

Due to the rapid development of large language models, people increasingly often encounter texts that may start as written by a human but continue as machine-generated. Detecting the boundary between human-written and machine-generated…

The recent large language models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, have been able to generate human-like and fluent responses when provided with specific instructions. While admitting the convenience brought by technological advancement, educators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zijie Zeng , Lele Sha , Yuheng Li , Kaixun Yang , Dragan Gašević , Guanliang Chen

AI-generated text detectors have recently gained adoption in educational and professional contexts. Prior research has uncovered isolated cases of bias, particularly against English Language Learners (ELLs) however, there is a lack of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Priyam Basu , Yunfeng Zhang , Vipul Raheja

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made detecting AI-generated text an increasingly critical challenge. Traditional methods often fail to capture the nuanced semantic differences between human and machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lifu Gao , Ziwei Liu , Qi Zhang