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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and the intensifying popularity of ChatGPT-like applications have blurred the boundary of high-quality text generation between humans and machines. However, in addition to the anticipated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Large language models are now embedded in everyday writing workflows, making reliable AI-generated text detection important for academic integrity, content moderation, and provenance tracking. In practice, however, a detector must do more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Chenjun Li , Cheng Wan , Johannes C. Paetzold

AI pentesting agents are increasingly credible as offensive security systems, but current benchmarks still provide limited guidance on which will perform best in real-world targets. Existing evaluation protocols assess and optimize for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pedro Conde , Henrique Branquinho , Valerio Mazzone , Bruno Mendes , André Baptista , Nuno Moniz

With the advancement in capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), one major step in the responsible and safe use of such LLMs is to be able to detect text generated by these models. While supervised AI-generated text detectors perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

An ideal detection system for machine generated content is supposed to work well on any generator as many more advanced LLMs come into existence day by day. Existing systems often struggle with accurately identifying AI-generated content…

Recent advancements in Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic content, raising concerns about the potential for malicious use, such as misinformation and manipulation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Andrea Pedrotti , Michele Papucci , Cristiano Ciaccio , Alessio Miaschi , Giovanni Puccetti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Andrea Esuli

Training-free AI text detection methods primarily rely on model log-probabilities, achieving strong performance through approaches like Binoculars and DNA-DetectLLM. However, these methods face a fundamental ceiling as models are optimized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Priyadarshan Narayanasamy , Swastik Agrawal , Klint Faber , Fardina Fathmiul Alam

With the launch of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have attracted global attention. In the realm of article writing, LLMs have witnessed extensive utilization, giving rise to concerns related to intellectual property protection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

Large language models (LLMs) present significant risks when used to generate non-factual content and spread disinformation at scale. Detecting such LLM-generated content is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ran Li , Wei Hao , Weiliang Zhao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

As LLMs rapidly advance, increasing concerns arise regarding risks about actual authorship of texts we see online and in real world. The task of distinguishing LLM-authored texts is complicated by the nuanced and overlapping behaviors of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jiazhou Ji , Ruizhe Li , Shujun Li , Jie Guo , Weidong Qiu , Zheng Huang , Chiyu Chen , Xiaoyu Jiang , Xinru Lu

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly sophisticated AI-generated content, posing significant challenges in distinguishing LLM-generated text from human-written language. Existing detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Siyuan Li , Xi Lin , Guangyan Li , Zehao Liu , Aodu Wulianghai , Li Ding , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li

Detecting AI-generated text is an increasing necessity to combat misuse of LLMs in education, business compliance, journalism, and social media, where synthetic fluency can mask misinformation or deception. While prior detectors often rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Advik Raj Basani , Pin-Yu Chen

As large language models (LLMs) become more advanced, it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between human-written and AI-generated text. This paper draws a conceptual parallel between quantum uncertainty and the limits of authorship…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aadil Gani Ganie

AI-generated content (AIGC) detectors are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings such as academic integrity screening, yet their reliability rests on a fundamental paradox: as language models are trained on human-written corpora, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guantian Zheng

In the age of advanced large language models (LLMs), the boundaries between human and AI-generated text are becoming increasingly blurred. We address the challenge of segmenting mixed-authorship text, that is identifying transition points…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 L. D. M. S. Sai Teja , N. Siva Gopala Krishna , Ufaq Khan , Muhammad Haris Khan , Atul Mishra

Despite the recent success of scene text detection methods, common evaluation metrics fail to provide a fair and reliable comparison among detectors. They have obvious drawbacks in reflecting the inherent characteristic of text detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Chae Young Lee , Youngmin Baek , Hwalsuk Lee

AI-generated text has proliferated across various online platforms, offering both transformative prospects and posing significant risks related to misinformation and manipulation. Addressing these challenges, this paper introduces SAID…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Wanyun Cui , Linqiu Zhang , Qianle Wang , Shuyang Cai

Nowadays, powerful large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have demonstrated revolutionary power in a variety of tasks. Consequently, the detection of machine-generated texts (MGTs) is becoming increasingly crucial as LLMs become more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinlei He , Xinyue Shen , Zeyuan Chen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Claude has significantly increased the presence of AI-generated text in digital communication. This trend has heightened the need for reliable detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Cong Zeng , Shengkun Tang , Yuanzhou Chen , Zhiqiang Shen , Wenchao Yu , Xujiang Zhao , Haifeng Chen , Wei Cheng , Zhiqiang Xu

The landscape of available textual adversarial attacks keeps growing, posing severe threats and raising concerns regarding the deep NLP system's integrity. However, the crucial problem of defending against malicious attacks has only drawn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Pierre Colombo , Marine Picot , Nathan Noiry , Guillaume Staerman , Pablo Piantanida