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The exoplanet diversity has been linked to the disc environment in which they form, where the host star metallicity and the formation pathways play a crucial role. In the context of the core accretion paradigm, the initial stages of planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-13 Geoffrey Andama , Jingyi Mah , Bertram Bitsch

We use resistive magnetohydrodynamical simulations with the nested grid technique to study the formation of protoplanetary disks around protostars from molecular cloud cores that provide the realistic environments for planet formation. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Masahiro N. Machida , Tomoaki Matsumoto

During the late stage of planet formation when Mars-size cores appear, interactions among planetary cores can excite their orbital eccentricities, speed their merges and thus sculpture the final architecture of planet systems. This series…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Huigen Liu , Ji-lin Zhou , S. Wang

Earth-mass bodies are expected to undergo Type I migration directed either inward or outward depending on the thermodynamical state of the protoplanetary disc. Zones of convergent migration exist where the Type I torque cancels out. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Arnaud Pierens , Christophe Cossou , Sean Raymond

The composition of planets is largely determined by the chemical and dynamical evolution of the disk during planetesimal formation and growth. To predict the diversity of exoplanet compositions, previous works modeled planetesimal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-14 John Moriarty , Nikku Madhusudhan , Debra Fischer

We examine the effect of giant planet migration on the formation of inner terrestrial planet systems. We consider situations in which the giant planet halts migration at semi-major axes in the range 0.13 - 1.7 AU due to gas disk dispersal.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 M. J. Fogg , R. P. Nelson

The solid content of circumstellar disks is inherited from the interstellar medium: dust particles of at most a micrometer in size. Protoplanetary disks are the environment where these dust grains need to grow at least 13 orders of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-19 T. Birnstiel , M. Fang , A. Johansen

Recent results have shown that many of the known extrasolar planetary systems contain regions which are stable for both Earth-mass and Saturn-mass planets. Here we simulate the formation of terrestrial planets in four planetary systems --…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Sean N. Raymond , Rory Barnes , Nathan A. Kaib

The inner solar system possesses a unique orbital structure in which there are no planets inside the Mercury orbit and the mass is concentrated around the Venus and Earth orbits. The origins of these features still remain unclear. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-03 Takahiro Ueda , Masahiro Ogihara , Eiichiro Kokubo , Satoshi Okuzumi

We examine the accretion of cores of giant planets from planetesimals, gas accretion onto the cores, and their orbital migration. We adopt a working model for nascent protostellar disks with a wide variety of surface density distributions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Ida , D. N. C. Lin

The Earth appears non-chondritic in its abundances of refractory lithophile elements, posing a significant problem for our understanding of its formation and evolution. It has been suggested that this non-chondritic composition may be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-04 Philip J. Carter , Zoë M. Leinhardt , Tim Elliott , Michael J. Walter , Sarah T. Stewart

The classical scenario of terrestrial planet formation is characterized by a phase of giant impacts among Moon-to-Mars mass planetary embryos. While the classic model and its adaptations have produced adequate analogs of the outer three…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 P. Franco , A. Izidoro , O. C. Winter , K. S. Torres , A. Amarante

In the standard model of gas giant planet formation, a large solid core (~ 10 times the Earth's mass) forms first, then accretes its massive envelope (100 or more Earth masses) of gas. However, inward planet migration due to gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Edward W. Thommes , Norman Murray

We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and subsequent orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a circumbinary disc. We assume that a 20 earth masses core has migrated to the edge of the inner cavity formed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson

Accumulation of dust and ice particles into planetesimals is an important step in the planet formation process. Planetesimals are the seeds of both terrestrial planets and the solid cores of gas and ice giants forming by core accretion.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Anders Johansen , Jürgen Blum , Hidekazu Tanaka , Chris Ormel , Martin Bizzarro , Hans Rickman

The formation of cold gas giants similar to Jupiter and Saturn in orbit and mass is a great challenge for planetesimal-driven core accretion models because the core growth rates far from the star are low. Here we model the growth and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Anders Johansen , Bertram Bitsch

We conduct a pebble-driven planet population synthesis study to investigate the formation of planets around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, in the (sub)stellar mass range between $0.01 \ M_{\odot}$ and $0.1 \ M_{\odot}$. Based on the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 Beibei Liu , Michiel Lambrechts , Anders Johansen , Ilaria Pascucci , Thomas Henning

Two longstanding problems in planet formation include (1) understanding how planets survive migration, and (2) articulating the process by which protoplanetary disks disperse---and in particular how they accrete onto their central stars. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-26 Jeffrey Fung , Eugene Chiang

In general, most of the studies of terrestrial-type planet formation typically use ad hoc initial conditions. In this work we improved the initial conditions described in Ronco & de El\'ia (2014) starting with a semi-analytical model wich…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-15 María Paula Ronco , Gonzalo Carlos de Elía , Octavio Miguel Guilera

The consistency of planet formation models suffers from the disconnection between the regime of small and large bodies. This is primarily caused by so-called growth barriers: the direct growth of larger bodies is halted at centimetre-sized…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-19 Joanna Drazkowska , Yann Alibert , Ben Moore