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Related papers: Optimizing ASR for Catalan-Spanish Code-Switching:…

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Recently, there is increasing interest in multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) where a speech recognition system caters to multiple low resource languages by taking advantage of low amounts of labeled corpora in multiple…

Code-switching automatic speech recognition becomes one of the most challenging and the most valuable scenarios of automatic speech recognition, due to the code-switching phenomenon between multilingual language and the frequent occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Shuhao Deng , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Qingqing Zhang , Wei-Qiang Zhang , Runyan Yang , Gaofeng Cheng , Pengyuan Zhang , Yonghong Yan

The lack of code-switch training data is one of the major concerns in the development of end-to-end code-switching automatic speech recognition (ASR) models. In this work, we propose a method to train an improved end-to-end code-switching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Yerbolat Khassanov , Haihua Xu , Van Tung Pham , Zhiping Zeng , Eng Siong Chng , Chongjia Ni , Bin Ma

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (ASR) aims to transcribe speech that contains two or more languages accurately. To better capture language-specific speech representations and address language confusion in code-switching ASR, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-10 He Wang , Xucheng Wan , Naijun Zheng , Kai Liu , Huan Zhou , Guojian Li , Lei Xie

Motivated by a growing research interest into automatic speech recognition (ASR), and the growing body of work for languages in which code-switching (CS) often occurs, we present a systematic literature review of code-switching in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Maha Tufail Agro , Atharva Kulkarni , Karima Kadaoui , Zeerak Talat , Hanan Aldarmaki

Code-switching (CS) speech refers to the phenomenon of mixing two or more languages within the same sentence. Despite the recent advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR), CS-ASR is still a challenging task ought to the grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Hexin Liu , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Eng Siong Chng

There are few code switching datasets, labeled or unlabled, that exist today. As a result, ASR requires new methods to utilize the vast monolingual data and models that exist. This paper uses OpenAI's open source ASR model, Whisper, which…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Linh Pham

In recent years, end-to-end speech recognition has emerged as a technology that integrates the acoustic, pronunciation dictionary, and language model components of the traditional Automatic Speech Recognition model. It is possible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Tzu-Ting Yang , Hsin-Wei Wang , Berlin Chen

Dual-encoder structure successfully utilizes two language-specific encoders (LSEs) for code-switching speech recognition. Because LSEs are initialized by two pre-trained language-specific models (LSMs), the dual-encoder structure can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Tongtong Song , Qiang Xu , Meng Ge , Longbiao Wang , Hao Shi , Yongjie Lv , Yuqin Lin , Jianwu Dang

Being able to parse code-switched (CS) utterances, such as Spanish+English or Hindi+English, is essential to democratize task-oriented semantic parsing systems for certain locales. In this work, we focus on Spanglish (Spanish+English) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Arash Einolghozati , Abhinav Arora , Lorena Sainz-Maza Lecanda , Anuj Kumar , Sonal Gupta

Code-switching (CS) is a common phenomenon and recognizing CS speech is challenging. But CS speech data is scarce and there' s no common testbed in relevant research. This paper describes the design and main outcomes of the ASRU 2019…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Xian Shi , Qiangze Feng , Lei Xie

Code-switching is a pervasive linguistic phenomenon in global communication, yet modern information retrieval systems remain predominantly designed for, and evaluated within, monolingual contexts. To bridge this critical disconnect, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Yuheng Lu , Zeqi Zhou , Heli Qi , Puxuan Yu , Fuheng Zhao , Hitomi Yanaka , Weihao Xuan , Naoto Yokoya

With the advent of globalization, there is an increasing demand for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), handling language and dialectal variation of spoken content. Recent studies show its efficacy over monolingual systems. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Amir Hussein , Ahmed Abdelali , Ahmed Ali

The advancement of multimodal large language models has accelerated the development of speech-to-speech interaction systems. While natural monolingual interaction has been achieved, we find existing models exhibit deficiencies in language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Despite the significant progress in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR), E2E ASR for low resourced code-switching (CS) speech has not been well studied. In this work, we describe an E2E ASR pipeline for the recognition of CS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Xianghu Yue , Grandee Lee , Emre Yılmaz , Fang Deng , Haizhou Li

Code-switching, also called code-mixing, is the linguistics phenomenon where in casual settings, multilingual speakers mix words from different languages in one utterance. Due to its spontaneous nature, code-switching is extremely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Shuyue Stella Li , Cihan Xiao , Tianjian Li , Bismarck Odoom

Code-switching (CS), i.e. mixing different languages in a single sentence, is a common phenomenon in communication and can be challenging in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) settings. Previous studies on CS speech have shown promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Belen Alastruey , Matthias Sperber , Christian Gollan , Dominic Telaar , Tim Ng , Aashish Agarwal

Code-switching (CS), a ubiquitous phenomenon due to the ease of communication it offers in multilingual communities still remains an understudied problem in language processing. The primary reasons behind this are: (1) minimal efforts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Parul Chopra , Sai Krishna Rallabandi , Alan W Black , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu

Although Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have achieved human-like performance for a few languages, the majority of the world's languages do not have usable systems due to the lack of large speech datasets to train these models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Hemant Yadav , Sunayana Sitaram

Code-switching (CS) refers to a linguistic phenomenon where a speaker uses different languages in an utterance or between alternating utterances. In this work, we study end-to-end (E2E) approaches to the Mandarin-English code-switching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Zhiping Zeng , Yerbolat Khassanov , Van Tung Pham , Haihua Xu , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li