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Coloring the arcs of biregular graphs was introduced with possible applications to industrial chemistry, molecular biology, cellular neuroscience, etc. Here, we deal with arc coloring in some non-bipartite graphs. In fact, for…

We study a family of Lie algebras {hO} which are defined for cyclic operads O. Using his graph homology theory, Kontsevich identified the homology of two of these Lie algebras (corresponding to the Lie and associative operads) with the…

Let D be the distance matrix of a connected graph G and let nn(G), np(G) be the number of strictly negative and positive eigenvalues of D respectively. It was remarked in [1] that it is not known whether there is a graph for which np(G) >…

A graph $G$ is primarily orientable if it is possible to orient its edges in such a way that the resulting oriented graph is prime, i.e., indecomposable under modular decomposition. We characterize primarily orientable graphs.

Let $\mathcal{OG}(4)$ denote the family of all graph-group pairs $(\Gamma, G)$ where $\Gamma$ is finite, 4-valent, connected, and $G$-oriented ($G$-half-arc-transitive). A subfamily of $\mathcal{OG}(4)$ has recently been identified as…

We study the class of simple graphs $\mathcal{G}^*$ for which every pair of distinct odd cycles intersect in at most one edge. We give a structural characterization of the graphs in $\mathcal{G}^*$ and prove that every $G \in \mathcal{G}^*$…

A $\mathbb{T}$-gain graph is a simple graph in which a unit complex number is assigned to each orientation of an edge, and its inverse is assigned to the opposite orientation. The associated adjacency matrix is defined canonically, and is…

Juri\'{s}i\v{c} et al. conjectured that if a distance-regular graph $\Gamma$ with diameter $D$ at least three has a light tail, then one of the following holds: 1.$a_1 =0$; 2.$\Gamma$ is an antipodal cover of diameter three; 3.$\Gamma$ is…

For a graph $G$ of order $n$ and with eigenvalues $\lambda_1\geqslant\cdots\geqslant\lambda_n$, the HL-index $R(G)$ is defined as $R(G) ={\max}\left\{|\lambda_{\lfloor(n+1)/2\rfloor}|, |\lambda_{\lceil(n+1)/2\rceil}|\right\}.$ We show that…

Several graph properties are characterized as the class of graphs that admit an orientation avoiding finitely many oriented structures. For instance, if $F_k$ is the set of homomorphic images of the directed path on $k+1$ vertices, then a…

If $G$ is a looped graph, then its adjacency matrix represents a binary matroid $M_{A}(G)$ on $V(G)$. $M_{A}(G)$ may be obtained from the delta-matroid represented by the adjacency matrix of $G$, but $M_{A}(G)$ is less sensitive to the…

We provide a matrix-based formula for the Tutte symmetric function of a graph. In particular, for any graph $G$ with a designated head and tail vertex, we describe an infinite matrix $M_G$ from which the Tutte symmetric function can be…

The properties of a hypergraph explored through the spectrum of its unified matrix was made by the authors in [26]. In this paper, we introduce three different hypergraph matrices: unified Laplacian matrix, unified signless Laplacian…

A mixed graph is obtained from an unoriented graph by orienting a subset of its edges. Yu, Liu, and Qu in 2017 have established the expression for the determinant of Hermitian (quasi-) Laplacian matrix of a mixed graph. Here we find general…

A distinguishing r-vertex-labelling (resp. r-edge-labelling) of an undirected graph G is a mapping $\lambda$ from the set of vertices (resp. the set of edges) of G to the set of labels {1,. .. , r} such that no non-trivial automorphism of G…

We are concerned with sequences of graphs having a grid geometry, with a uniform local structure in a bounded domain $\Omega\subset {\mathbb R}^d$, $d\ge 1$. We assume $\Omega$ to be Lebesgue measurable with regular boundary and contained,…

The $\gamma$-graph of a graph $G$ is the graph whose vertices are labelled by the minimum dominating sets of $G$, in which two vertices are adjacent when their corresponding minimum dominating sets (each of size $\gamma(G)$) intersect in a…

The distinguishing index gives a measure of symmetry in a graph. Given a graph $G$ with no $K_2$ component, a distinguishing edge coloring is a coloring of the edges of $G$ such that no non-trivial automorphism preserves the edge coloring.…

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a finite non-simple directed graph, called an ornated graph and initiate a study on ornated graphs. An ornated graph is a directed graph on $n$ vertices, denoted by $O_n(s_l)$, whose vertices are…

Let $G$ be a strongly connected and balanced directed graph. The Laplacian matrix of $G$ is then the matrix (not necessarily symmetric) $L:=D-A$, where $A$ is the adjacency matrix of $G$ and $D$ is the diagonal matrix such that the row sums…