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This paper focuses on vector-valued composite functionals, which may be nonlinear in probability. Our primary goal is to establish central limit theorems for these functionals when mixed estimators are employed. Our study is relevant to the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Huihui Chen , Darinka Dentcheva , Yang Lin , Gregory J. Stock

This work proposes a view of probability as a relative measure rather than an absolute one. To demonstrate this concept, we focus on finite outcome spaces and develop three fundamental axioms that establish requirements for relative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Max Sklar

In many areas of engineering and sciences, decision rules and control strategies are usually designed based on nominal values of relevant system parameters. To ensure that a control strategy or decision rule will work properly when the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Xinjia Chen

Policy learning is an important component of many real-world learning systems. A major challenge in policy learning is how to adapt efficiently to unseen environments or tasks. Recently, it has been suggested to exploit invariant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-28 Sorawit Saengkyongam , Niklas Pfister , Predrag Klasnja , Susan Murphy , Jonas Peters

Classical reinforcement learning (RL) techniques are generally concerned with the design of decision-making policies driven by the maximisation of the expected outcome. Nevertheless, this approach does not take into consideration the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Thibaut Théate , Damien Ernst

Value-based methods for reinforcement learning lack generally applicable ways to derive behavior from a value function. Many approaches involve approximate value iteration (e.g., $Q$-learning), and acting greedily with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Alan Chan , Kris de Asis , Richard S. Sutton

We establish a link between the distribution of an exponential functional I and the undershoots of a subordinator, which is given in terms of the associated harmonic potential measure. This allows us to give a necessary and sufficient…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-01-13 Larbi Alili , Wissem Jedidi , Víctor Rivero

Classification is a core topic in functional data analysis. A large number of functional classifiers have been proposed in the literature, most of which are based on functional principal component analysis or functional regression. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-14 Ruoxu Tan , Yiming Zang

Under appropriate integrability conditions the risk measure of the sample measures for a law invariant risk measure converge almost surely to the risk measure of the sampled random variable. The results follow from general convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-23 Freddy Delbaen

We apply the Law of Total Probability to the construction of scale-invariant probability distribution functions (pdfs), and require that probability measures be dimensionless and unitless under a continuous change of scales. If the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-04-27 J. L. Friar , T. Goldman , J. Perez-Mercader

Elicitable functionals and (strictly) consistent scoring functions are of interest due to their utility of determining (uniquely) optimal forecasts, and thus the ability to effectively backtest predictions. However, in practice, assuming…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Kathleen E. Miao , Silvana M. Pesenti

Under general multivariate regular variation conditions, the extreme Value-at-Risk of a portfolio can be expressed as an integral of a known kernel with respect to a generally unknown spectral measure supported on the unit simplex. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-09 Robert Yuen , Stilian Stoev , Dan Cooley

Risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to the growing interest in deploying RL agents in real-world scenarios. A critical aspect of risk awareness involves modeling highly rare risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Karthik Somayaji NS , Yu Wang , Malachi Schram , Jan Drgona , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Frank Liu , Peng Li

The estimation of risk measures recently gained a lot of attention, partly because of the backtesting issues of expected shortfall related to elicitability. In this work we shed a new and fundamental light on optimal estimation procedures…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-25 Marcin Pitera , Thorsten Schmidt

Reinforcement learning is a general technique that allows an agent to learn an optimal policy and interact with an environment in sequential decision making problems. The goodness of a policy is measured by its value function starting from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-30 C. Shi , S. Zhang , W. Lu , R. Song

We study the convergence of random function iterations for finding an invariant measure of the corresponding Markov operator. We call the problem of finding such an invariant measure the stochastic fixed point problem. This generalizes…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Neal Hermer , D. Russell Luke , Anja Sturm

Regularization plays a key role in a variety of optimization formulations of inverse problems. A recurring theme in regularization approaches is the selection of regularization parameters, and their effect on the solution and on the optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Aleksandr Y. Aravkin , James V. Burke , Michael P. Friedlander

We propose a holistic framework for constructing sensitivity measures for any elicitable functional $T$ of a response variable. The sensitivity measures, termed score-based sensitivities, are constructed via scoring functions that are…

Applications · Statistics 2023-02-03 Tobias Fissler , Silvana M. Pesenti

We introduce the notion of a risk-limiting financial auditing (RLFA): given $N$ transactions, the goal is to estimate the total misstated monetary fraction~($m^*$) to a given accuracy $\epsilon$, with confidence $1-\delta$. We do this by…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-12 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Ziyu Xu , Zachary C. Lipton , Pierre J. Liang , Aaditya Ramdas

The application of machine learning models can be significantly impeded by the occurrence of distributional shifts, as the assumption of homogeneity between the population of training and testing samples in machine learning and statistics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-06 Wenlu Tang , Zicheng Liu