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Scaling inference-time computation has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve strong reasoning performance, but inherently sequential decoding leads to substantial latency, especially on complex tasks. Recent work on adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Long Lian , Sida Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Tsu-Jui Fu , Xiuyu Li , Adam Yala , Trevor Darrell , Alane Suhr , Yuandong Tian , Xi Victoria Lin

Recent advances in natural language processing highlight two key factors for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs): (i) allocating more test-time compute tends to help on harder problems but often introduces redundancy in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Riccardo Alberghi , Elizaveta Demyanenko , Luca Biggio , Luca Saglietti

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial attention to the Chain of Thought (CoT) approach, primarily due to its ability to enhance the capability of LLMs on complex reasoning tasks. Moreover, the significance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Bingshuai Liu , Chenyang Lyu , Zijun Min , Zhanyu Wang , Jinsong Su , Longyue Wang

Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) enables large language models (LLMs) to enhance their capabilities by interacting with external tools, such as code interpreters (CI). Most recent studies focus on exploring various methods to equip LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Luan Zhang , Dandan Song , Zhijing Wu , Zhengyu Chen , Chen Zhang , Yuhang Tian , Huipeng Ma , Chenhao Li , Changzhi Zhou , Xudong Li , Shuhao Zhang

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) enables large language models (LLMs) to improve their internal reasoning ability by integrating external tools. However, models employing TIR often display suboptimal behaviors, such as insufficient or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yifei Chen , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks through advanced prompting techniques like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and Tree-of-Thought (ToT), but their reliance on manually crafted, task-specific prompts limits adaptability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Tao Xiong , Xavier Hu , Wenyan Fan , Shengyu Zhang

To enhance the reasoning capabilities of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs), we introduce a simple, yet general and effective prompting method, Re2, i.e., \textbf{Re}-\textbf{Re}ading the question as input. Unlike most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Xiaohan Xu , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Hongbo Xu , Guodong Long , Jian-guang Lou , Shuai Ma

Thinking Large Language Models (LLMs) generate explicit intermediate reasoning traces before final answers, potentially improving transparency, interpretability, and solution accuracy for code generation. However, the quality of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoran Xue , Gias Uddin , Song Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) were shown to struggle with long-term planning, which may be caused by the limited way in which they explore the space of possible solutions. We propose an architecture where a Reinforcement Learning (RL) Agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yoav Alon , Cristina David

To effectively use large language models (LLMs) for real-world queries, it is imperative that they generalize to the long-tail distribution, i.e. rare examples where models exhibit low confidence. In this work, we take the first step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Huihan Li , Yuting Ning , Zeyi Liao , Siyuan Wang , Xiang Lorraine Li , Ximing Lu , Wenting Zhao , Faeze Brahman , Yejin Choi , Xiang Ren

Chain-of-thought emerges as a promising technique for eliciting reasoning capabilities from Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it does not always improve task performance or accurately represent reasoning processes, leaving unresolved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Guangsheng Bao , Hongbo Zhang , Cunxiang Wang , Linyi Yang , Yue Zhang

Adaptive reasoning is essential for aligning the computational effort of large language models (LLMs) with the intrinsic difficulty of problems. Current chain-of-thought methods boost reasoning ability but indiscriminately generate long…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ruofan Zhang , Bin Xia , Zhen Cheng , Cairen Jian , Minglun Yang , Ngai Wong , Yuan Cheng

This paper introduces a simple and scalable approach to improve the data efficiency of large language model (LLM) training by augmenting existing text data with thinking trajectories. The compute for pre-training LLMs has been growing at an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) make remarkable progress in reasoning tasks. Among different reasoning modes, inductive reasoning, due to its better alignment with human learning, attracts increasing interest. However, research on inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kedi Chen , Zhikai Lei , Xu Guo , Xuecheng Wu , Siyuan Zeng , Jianghao Yin , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Wei Zhang

Tool-augmented Large Language Models (TALMs) are known to enhance the skillset of large language models (LLMs), thereby, leading to their improved reasoning abilities across many tasks. While, TALMs have been successfully employed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Debrup Das , Debopriyo Banerjee , Somak Aditya , Ashish Kulkarni

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning can substantially improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. At the same time, In-Context Learning (ICL) has become an important mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Chu

In language reasoning, longer chains of thought consistently yield better performance, which naturally suggests that visual latent reasoning may likewise benefit from longer latent sequences. However, we discover a counterintuitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chenfeng Wang , Wei He , Xuhan Zhu , Chunpeng Zhou , Qizhen Li , Song Yan , Yufei Zheng , Chengjun Yu , Fan Lu , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Pengfei Yu , Zheng-Jun Zha

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting combined with few-shot in-context learning (ICL) has unlocked significant reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs). However, ICL with CoT examples is ineffective on novel tasks when the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Vignesh Kothapalli , Ata Fatahibaarzi , Hamed Firooz , Maziar Sanjabi

Augmenting large language models (LLM) to use external tools enhances their performance across a variety of tasks. However, prior works over-rely on task-specific demonstration of tool use that limits their generalizability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Yining Lu , Haoping Yu , Daniel Khashabi

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can dramatically improve the multi-step reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). CoT explicitly encourages the LLM to generate intermediate rationales for solving a problem, by providing a series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Boshi Wang , Sewon Min , Xiang Deng , Jiaming Shen , You Wu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Huan Sun