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Infrared small target detection is currently a hot and challenging task in computer vision. Existing methods usually focus on mining visual features of targets, which struggles to cope with complex and diverse detection scenarios. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Feng Huang , Shuyuan Zheng , Zhaobing Qiu , Huanxian Liu , Huanxin Bai , Liqiong Chen

Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) aims to segment small targets from infrared clutter background. Existing methods mainly focus on discriminative approaches, i.e., a pixel-level front-background binary segmentation. Since infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Haoqing Li , Jinfu Yang , Yifei Xu , Runshi Wang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) poses a significant challenge in the field of computer vision. While substantial efforts have been made over the past two decades to improve the detection capabilities of IRSTD algorithms, there has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Saed Moradi , Alireza Memarmoghadam , Payman Moallem , Mohamad Farzan Sabahi

As an essential vision task, infrared small target detection (IRSTD) has seen significant advancements through deep learning. However, critical limitations in current evaluation protocols impede further progress. First, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Youwei Pang , Xiaoqi Zhao , Lihe Zhang , Huchuan Lu , Georges El Fakhri , Xiaofeng Liu , Shijian Lu

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) faces the inherent challenge of precisely localizing dim targets amid complex background clutter. While progress has been made, existing methods usually follow conventional strategies to downsample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Qian Xu , Chi Zhang , Qiming Zhang , Xi Li , Haojuan Yuan , Mingjin Zhang

Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) faces significant challenges due to low signal-to-noise ratios, complex backgrounds, and the absence of discernible target features. While deep learning-based encoder-decoder frameworks have advanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xuelin Qian , Jiaming Lu , Zixuan Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Zhongling Huang , Dingwen Zhang , Junwei Han

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) aims to identify and distinguish small targets from complex backgrounds. Leveraging the powerful multi-scale feature fusion capability of the U-Net architecture, IRSTD has achieved significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yingmei Zhang , Wangtao Bao , Yong Yang , Weiguo Wan , Qin Xiao , Xueting Zou

Detecting small targets in infrared images poses significant challenges in defense applications due to the presence of complex backgrounds and the small size of the targets. Traditional object detection methods often struggle to balance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alina Ciocarlan , Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle , Sidonie Lefebvre , Arnaud Woiselle

Infrared small target detection(IRSTD) is widely recognized as a challenging task due to the inherent limitations of infrared imaging, including low signal-to-noise ratios, lack of texture details, and complex background interference. While…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Yuxin Jing , Yuchen Zheng , Jufeng Zhao , Guangmang Cui , Tianpei Zhang

Recently, infrared small target detection (IRSTD) has been dominated by deep-learning-based methods. However, these methods mainly focus on the design of complex model structures to extract discriminative features, leaving the loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Qiankun Liu , Rui Liu , Bolun Zheng , Hongkui Wang , Ying Fu

Infrared small target (IRST) detection is challenging in simultaneously achieving precise, robust, and efficient performance due to extremely dim targets and strong interference. Current learning-based methods attempt to leverage ``more"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ruojing Li , Wei An , Yingqian Wang , Xinyi Ying , Yimian Dai , Longguang Wang , Miao Li , Yulan Guo , Li Liu

\textcolor{blue}{This is the pre-acceptance version, to read the final version please go to \href{https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11156113}{IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing on IEEE Xplore}.} Infrared small target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Guoyi Zhang , Guangsheng Xu , Siyang Chen , Han Wang , Xiaohu Zhang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is crucial for surveillance and early-warning, with deployments spanning both single-frame analysis and video-mode tracking. A practical solution should leverage vision foundation models (VFMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qian Xu , Xi Li , Fei Gao , Jie Guo , Haojuan Yuan , Shuaipeng Fan , Mingjin Zhang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) aims to separate small targets from clutter backgrounds. Extensive research is dedicated to the pixel-level supervision-guided "encoder-decoder" segmentation paradigm. Although having achieved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Rixiang Ni , Boyang Li , Jun Chen , Yonghao Li , Feiyu Ren , Yuji Wang , Haoyang Yuan , Wujiao He , Wei An

The accurate target-background separation in infrared small target detection (IRSTD) highly depends on the discriminability of extracted representations. However, most existing methods are confined to domain-consistent settings, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yimin Fu , Songbo Wang , Feiyan Wu , Jialin Lyu , Zhunga Liu , Michael K. Ng

We propose a target driven adaptive (TDA) loss to enhance the performance of infrared small target detection (IRSTD). Prior works have used loss functions, such as binary cross-entropy loss and IoU loss, to train segmentation models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuho Shoji , Takahiro Toizumi , Atsushi Ito

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) remains challenging due to the scarcity of useful target cues and the presence of severe background clutter. Most current methods rely on conventional feature learning and local interaction modeling,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Qianwen Ma , Yang Xu , Shangwei Deng , Xiaobo Li , Haofeng Hu

Real-world infrared imagery presents unique challenges for vision-language models due to the scarcity of aligned text data and domain-specific characteristics. Although existing methods have advanced the field, their reliance on synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Zhe Cao , Jin Zhang , Ruiheng Zhang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) plays a pivotal role in a broad spectrum of mission-critical applications, including maritime surveillance, military search and rescue, early warning systems, and precision-guided strikes, all of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yingming Zhang , Wuqi Su , Qing Xiao , Yonggang Yang

Infrared small target detection in an infrared search and track (IRST) system is a challenging task. This situation becomes more complicated when high gray-intensity structural backgrounds appear in the field of view (FoV) of the infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Saed Moradi , Payman Moallem , Mohamad Farzan Sabahi
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