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Optimization-based approaches dominate infrared small target detection as they leverage infrared imagery's intrinsic low-rankness and sparsity. While effective for single-frame images, they struggle with dynamic changes in multi-frame…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Fengyi Wu , Simin Liu , Haoan Wang , Bingjie Tao , Junhai Luo , Zhenming Peng

With the advancement of aerospace technology and the increasing demands of military applications, the development of low false-alarm and high-precision infrared small target detection algorithms has emerged as a key focus of research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Taoran Yue , Xiaojin Lu , Jiaxi Cai , Yuanping Chen , Shibing Chu

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is highly sensitive to sensor type, observation conditions, and the intrinsic properties of the target. These factors can introduce substantial variations in the distribution of acquired infrared image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yahao Lu , Yuehui Li , Xingyuan Guo , Shuai Yuan , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Infrared small-target detection (ISTD) is an important computer vision task. ISTD aims at separating small targets from complex background clutter. The infrared radiation decays over distances, making the targets highly dim and prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Jingchao Peng , Haitao Zhao , Kaijie Zhao , Zhongze Wang , Lujian Yao

Infrared small target detection plays a crucial role in military reconnaissance and air defense systems. However,existing low-rank sparse based methods still face high computational complexity when dealing with low-contrast small targets…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Ke-Xin Li

Infrared search and tracking (IRST) system has been widely concerned and applied in the area of national defence. Small target detection under complex background is a very challenging task in the development of system algorithm. Low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Fan Wang

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) has been a critical technology in defense and civilian applications over the past several decades, such as missile warning, maritime surveillance, and disaster monitoring. Nevertheless, moving infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yian Huang , Qing Qin , Aji Mao , Xiangyu Qiu , Liang Xu , Xian Zhang , Zhenming Peng

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for applications like remote sensing and surveillance, which aims to identify small, low-contrast targets against complex backgrounds. However, existing methods often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Chuang Yang

Infrared small target detection remains challenging due to limited feature representation and severe background interference, resulting in sub-optimal performance. While recent CLIP-inspired methods attempt to leverage textual guidance for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zixuan Wang , Haoran Sun , Jiaming Lu , Wenxuan Wang , Zhongling Huang , Dingwen Zhang , Xuelin Qian , Junwei Han

Omni-domain infrared small target detection (Omni-IRSTD) poses formidable challenges, as a single model must seamlessly adapt to diverse imaging systems, varying resolutions, and multiple spectral bands simultaneously. Current approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yangting Shi , Yinfei Zhu , Renjie He , Le Hui , Meng Cai , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yimian Dai

Moving infrared small target detection (IRSTD) plays a critical role in practical applications, such as surveillance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and UAV-based search system. Moving IRSTD still remains highly challenging due to weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Houzhang Fang , Shukai Guo , Qiuhuan Chen , Yi Chang , Luxin Yan

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) faces significant challenges due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), small target size, and complex cluttered backgrounds. Although recent DETR-based detectors benefit from global context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yuteng Liu , Duanni Meng , Maoxun Yuan , Xingxing Wei

Infrared small target detection based on deep learning offers unique advantages in separating small targets from complex and dynamic backgrounds. However, the features of infrared small targets gradually weaken as the depth of convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Chun Bao , Jie Cao , Yaqian Ning , Tianhua Zhao , Zhijun Li , Zechen Wang , Li Zhang , Qun Hao

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) tasks are extremely challenging for two main reasons: 1) it is difficult to obtain accurate labelling information that is critical to existing methods, and 2) infrared (IR) small target information is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Jing Wu , Rixiang Ni , Feng Huang , Zhaobing Qiu , Liqiong Chen , Changhai Luo , Yunxiang Li , Youli Li

Aiming at the detection difficulties of infrared images such as complex background, low signal-to-noise ratio, small target size and weak brightness, a lightweight infrared small target detection algorithm ISTD-YOLO based on improved YOLOv7…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shang Zhang , Yujie Cui , Ruoyan Xiong , Huanbin Zhang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for defense and surveillance but remains challenging due to (1) target loss from minimal features, (2) false alarms in cluttered environments, (3) missed detections from low saliency, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Abdulkarim Atrash , Omar Moured , Yufan Chen , Jiaming Zhang , Seyda Ertekin , Omur Ugur

Fine-tuning the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for infrared small target detection poses significant challenges due to severe domain shifts. Existing adaptation methods often incorporate handcrafted priors to bridge this gap, yet such designs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guoyi Zhang , Siyang Chen , Guangsheng Xu , Han Wang , Donghe Wang , Xiaohu Zhang

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is challenging due to complex backgrounds, low signal-to-clutter ratios, and varying target sizes and shapes. Effective detection relies on capturing local contextual information at the appropriate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Guoyi Zhang , Guangsheng Xu , Han Wang , Siyang Chen , Yunxiao Shan , Xiaohu Zhang

Recently, infrared small target detection (ISTD) has made significant progress, thanks to the development of basic models. Specifically, the models combining CNNs with transformers can successfully extract both local and global features.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tianxiang Chen , Zi Ye , Zhentao Tan , Tao Gong , Yue Wu , Qi Chu , Bin Liu , Nenghai Yu , Jieping Ye

Recently, single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection technology has attracted widespread attention. Different from most existing deep learning-based methods that focus on improving network architectures, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jinmiao Zhao , Zelin Shi , Chuang Yu , Yunpeng Liu , Yimian Dai