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Related papers: ROSE: Transformer-Based Refactoring Recommendation…

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The concept of Self-Affirmed Refactoring (SAR) was introduced to explore how developers document their refactoring activities in commit messages, i.e., developers' explicit documentation of refactoring operations intentionally introduced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

During software development, poor design and implementation choices can detrimentally impact software maintainability. Design smells, recurring patterns of poorly designed fragments, signify these issues. Role-stereotypes denote the generic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Daniel Ogenrwot , Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende , John Businge , Michel R. V. Chaudron

Software architecture consists of series of decisions taken to give a structural solution that meets all the technical and operational requirements. The paper involves code refactoring. Code refactoring is a process of changing the internal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-12-25 Manpreet Kaur , Ravjeet Singh , Sukhveer Kaur , Baljot Singh , Savpreet Kaur , Navkaran Singh , Aman Ohri , Ravenna Sharma

While a substantial body of prior research has investigated the form and nature of production code, comparatively little attention has examined characteristics of test code, and, in particular, test smells in that code. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Amjed Tahir , Steve Counsell , Stephen G. MacDonell

Code smells signal violations of design principles that degrade the internal quality of evolving software systems. Although many tools detect such anomalies using static metrics, they often ignore the development context in which smells…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Matheus dos Santos Viegas , Adrian Gabriel Keller dos Santos , Kleinner Farias , Robson Keemps da Silva

Background. Architectural smells and code smells are symptoms of bad code or design that can cause different quality problems, such as faults, technical debt, or difficulties with maintenance and evolution. Some studies show that code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Francesca Arcelli Fontanaa , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Riccardo Roveda , Davide Taibi

A key aspect of technical debt (TD) management is the ability to measure the amount of principal accumulated in a system. The current literature contains an array of approaches to estimate TD principal, however, only a few of them focus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Darius Sas , Paris Avgeriou

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are pervasive in the current computer science landscape. Yet, there still exists a lack of software engineering experience and best practices in this field. One such best practice,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bart van Oort , Luís Cruz , Maurício Aniche , Arie van Deursen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is being increasingly used to learn and adapt application behavior in many domains, including large-scale and safety critical systems, as for example, autonomous driving. With the advent of plug-n-play RL…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Nicolás Cardozo , Ivana Dusparic , Christian Cabrera

Background. Software quality assurance is essential during software development and maintenance. Static Analysis Tools (SAT) are widely used for assessing code quality. Architectural smells are becoming more daunting to address and evaluate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Matteo Esposito , Mikel Robredo , Francesca Arcelli Fontana , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Software refactoring plays an important role in increasing code quality. One of the most popular refactoring types is the Move Method refactoring. It is usually applied when a method depends more on members of other classes than on its own…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Zarina Kurbatova , Ivan Veselov , Yaroslav Golubev , Timofey Bryksin

Technical debt has become a common metaphor for the accumulation of software design and implementation choices that seek fast initial gains but that are under par and counterproductive in the long run. However, as a metaphor, technical debt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jacinto Ramirez Lahti , Antti-Pekka Tuovinen , Tommi Mikkonen

Test smells are defined as sub-optimal design choices developers make when implementing test cases. Hence, similar to code smells, the research community has produced numerous test smell detection tools to investigate the impact of test…

Code smell is a great challenge in software refactoring, which indicates latent design or implementation flaws that may degrade the software maintainability and evolution. Over the past of decades, the research on code smell has received…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hanyu Zhang , Tomoji Kishi

Code smells are widely used indicators of poor code quality, revealing structural problems and areas where improvement can be made. Although extensively studied in object-oriented languages, functional programming languages remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Walber Araújo , José Truta , Lucas Vegi , Marco Tulio Valente , João Brunet

Architecture erosion has a detrimental effect on maintenance and evolution, as the implementation deviates from the intended architecture. Detecting symptoms of erosion, particularly architectural violations, at an early stage is crucial.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruiyin Li , Peng Liang , Paris Avgeriou

Refactoring is a critical process in software development, aiming at improving the internal structure of code while preserving its external behavior. Refactoring engines are integral components of modern Integrated Development Environments…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Haibo Wang , Zhuolin Xu , Huaien Zhang , Nikolaos Tsantalis , Shin Hwei Tan

Code comments are important in software development because they directly influence software maintainability and overall quality. Bad practices of code comments lead to code comment smells, negatively impacting software maintenance. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Ipek Oztas , U Boran Torun , Eray Tüzün

Context: Technical Debt needs to be managed to avoid disastrous consequences, and investigating developers' habits concerning technical debt management is invaluable information in software development. Objective: This study aims to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Zadia Codabux , Christopher Dutchyn

The context of this work is specification, detection and ultimately removal of detectable harmful patterns in source code that are associated with defects in design and implementation of software. In particular, we investigate five code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Nicole Vavrová , Vadim Zaytsev