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Resolving ambiguities through interaction is a hallmark of natural language, and modeling this behavior is a core challenge in crafting AI assistants. In this work, we study such behavior in LMs by proposing a task-agnostic framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

Ambiguity remains a fundamental challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to the inherent complexity and flexibility of human language. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing ambiguity has become even more…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to meet user information needs, but their effectiveness in dealing with user queries that contain various types of ambiguity remains unknown, ultimately risking user trust and satisfaction.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Tong Zhang , Peixin Qin , Yang Deng , Chen Huang , Wenqiang Lei , Junhong Liu , Dingnan Jin , Hongru Liang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks. However, a gap remains between their output and the problem-solving strategies of human developers. Unlike humans, who spend substantial time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jie JW Wu , Manav Chaudhary , Davit Abrahamyan , Arhaan Khaku , Anjiang Wei , Fatemeh H. Fard

Large Language Models are rapidly emerging as web-native interfaces to social platforms. On the social web, users frequently have ambiguous and dynamic goals, making complex intent understanding-rather than single-turn execution-the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zenghua Liao , Jinzhi Liao , Xiang Zhao

Handling ambiguity and underspecification is an important challenge in natural language interfaces, particularly for tasks like text-to-SQL semantic parsing. We propose a modular approach that resolves ambiguity using natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Irina Saparina , Mirella Lapata

NL2SQL systems deployed in industry settings often encounter ambiguous or unanswerable queries, particularly in interactive scenarios with incomplete user clarification. Existing benchmarks typically assume a single source of ambiguity and…

To handle ambiguous and open-ended requests, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trained to interact with users to surface intents they have not yet expressed (e.g., ask clarification questions). However, users are often ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Jaesang Yu , John Joon Young Chung , Juho Kim

In information retrieval (IR), providing appropriate clarifications to better understand users' information needs is crucial for building a proactive search-oriented dialogue system. Due to the strong in-context learning ability of large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Anfu Tang , Laure Soulier , Vincent Guigue

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as coding assistants. However, the ambiguity of the developer's prompt often leads to incorrect code generation, as current models struggle to infer user intent without extensive prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Harsh Darji , Thibaud Lutellier

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) across various benchmarks, their ability to address ambiguously specified problems--frequent in real-world interactions--remains underexplored. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Katarzyna Kobalczyk , Nicolas Astorga , Tennison Liu , Mihaela van der Schaar

The scale and complexity of modern cloud infrastructure have made Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) essential for managing deployments. While large Language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to generate IaC configurations from natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhenning Yang , Kaden Gruizenga , Tongyuan Miao , Patrick Tser Jern Kon , Hui Guan , Ang Chen

Ambiguity in natural language is a significant obstacle for achieving accurate text to structured data mapping through large language models (LLMs), which affects the performance of tasks such as mapping text to agentic tool calling and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhibo Hu , Chen Wang , Yanfeng Shu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving various tasks, yet they often struggle with comprehensively addressing complex and vague problems. Existing approaches, including multi-agent LLM systems,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet inaccurate responses, introducing significant risks for deployment in safety-critical domains. We present a novel, test-time approach to detecting model hallucination through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hazel Kim , Tom A. Lamb , Adel Bibi , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal

Uncertainty decomposition refers to the task of decomposing the total uncertainty of a predictive model into aleatoric (data) uncertainty, resulting from inherent randomness in the data-generating process, and epistemic (model) uncertainty,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Bairu Hou , Yujian Liu , Kaizhi Qian , Jacob Andreas , Shiyu Chang , Yang Zhang

Ambiguity in natural language poses significant challenges to Large Language Models (LLMs) used for open-domain question answering. LLMs often struggle with the inherent uncertainties of human communication, leading to misinterpretations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Aryan Keluskar , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

We introduce AmbigNLG, a novel task designed to tackle the challenge of task ambiguity in instructions for Natural Language Generation (NLG). Ambiguous instructions often impede the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ayana Niwa , Hayate Iso

We introduce a novel framework named ClarifyGPT, which aims to enhance code generation by empowering LLMs with the ability to identify ambiguous requirements and ask targeted clarifying questions. In particular, ClarifyGPT first detects…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Fangwen Mu , Lin Shi , Song Wang , Zhuohao Yu , Binquan Zhang , Chenxue Wang , Shichao Liu , Qing Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress in understanding and generating natural language across various applications. However, they often struggle with resolving ambiguities in real-world, enterprise-level interactions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 John Murzaku , Zifan Liu , Vaishnavi Muppala , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Xiang Chen , Yunyao Li
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