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In the current era of quantum computing, robust and efficient tools are essential to bridge the gap between simulations and quantum hardware execution. In this work, we introduce a machine learning approach to characterize the noise…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the most practical ways to learn from real-life use-cases. Motivated from the cognitive methods used by humans makes it a widely acceptable strategy in the field of artificial intelligence. Most of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abhishek Sawaika , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Udaya Parampalli , Rajkumar Buyya

Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) emerged as a branch of reinforcement learning (RL) that uses quantum submodules in the architecture of the algorithm. One branch of QRL focuses on the replacement of neural networks (NN) by variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Georg Kruse , Theodora-Augustina Dragan , Robert Wille , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Machine learning (ML) has become an attractive tool in information processing, however few ML algorithms have been successfully applied in the quantum domain. We show here how classical reinforcement learning (RL) could be used as a tool…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 Jelena Mackeprang , Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao Dasari , Jörg Wrachtrup

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled framework for decision-making in partially observable environments, which can be modeled as Markov decision processes and compactly represented through dynamic decision Bayesian networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Gilberto Cunha , Alexandra Ramôa , André Sequeira , Michael de Oliveira , Luís Barbosa

We propose QeRL, a Quantization-enhanced Reinforcement Learning framework for large language models (LLMs). While RL is essential for LLMs' reasoning capabilities, it is resource-intensive, requiring substantial GPU memory and long rollout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wei Huang , Yi Ge , Shuai Yang , Yicheng Xiao , Huizi Mao , Yujun Lin , Hanrong Ye , Sifei Liu , Ka Chun Cheung , Hongxu Yin , Yao Lu , Xiaojuan Qi , Song Han , Yukang Chen

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are expected to be a path to quantum advantages on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, both empirical and theoretical results exhibit that the deployed ansatz heavily affects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-31 Yuxuan Du , Tao Huang , Shan You , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Dacheng Tao

We introduce CL-QAS, a continual quantum architecture search framework that mitigates the challenges of costly amplitude encoding and catastrophic forgetting in variational quantum circuits. The method uses Tensor-Train encoding to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Javier Tejedor , Ling Li , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

The increasingly challenging task of maintaining power grid security requires innovative solutions. Novel approaches using reinforcement learning (RL) agents have been proposed to help grid operators navigate the massive decision space and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Benjamin M. Peter , Mert Korkali

This paper introduces a quantum framework for addressing reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, grounded in the quantum principles and leveraging a fully quantum model of the classical Markov decision process (MDP). By employing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Thet Htar Su , Shaswot Shresthamali , Masaaki Kondo

Quantum computing has promised significant improvement in solving difficult computational tasks over classical computers. Designing quantum circuits for practical use, however, is not a trivial objective and requires expert-level knowledge.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Esther Ye , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is widely seen as having the potential to be significantly more sample efficient than model-free RL. However, research in model-based RL has not been very standardized. It is fairly common for…

Unsupervised representation learning presents new opportunities for advancing Quantum Architecture Search (QAS) on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. QAS is designed to optimize quantum circuits for Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Yize Sun , Zixin Wu , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

The quest for effective quantum feature maps for data encoding presents significant challenges, particularly due to the flat training landscapes and lengthy training processes associated with parameterised quantum circuits. To address these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Yaswitha Gujju , Romain Harang , Chao Li , Tetsuo Shibuya , Qibin Zhao

The development of quantum algorithms and their practical applications currently relies heavily on the efficient design, compilation, and optimization of quantum circuits. In particular, parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs), which serve as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Darya Martyniuk , Johannes Jung , Daniel Barta , Adrian Paschke

In the ongoing race towards experimental implementations of quantum error correction (QEC), finding ways to automatically discover codes and encoding strategies tailored to the qubit hardware platform is emerging as a critical problem.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Jan Olle , Remmy Zen , Matteo Puviani , Florian Marquardt

The advent of promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes with efficient resource utilization and high-performance fault-tolerant quantum memories signifies a critical step towards realizing practical quantum computation. While surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yidong Zhou , Lingyi Kong , Yifeng Peng , Zhiding Liang

Benchmarks play a crucial role in the development and analysis of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, with environment availability strongly impacting research. One particularly underexplored intersection is continual learning (CL) in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Tristan Tomilin , Luka van den Boogaard , Samuel Garcin , Bram Grooten , Meng Fang , Yali Du , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have gained prominence as a viable framework for exploiting near-term quantum devices in applications ranging from optimization and chemistry simulation to machine learning. However, the effectiveness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yifeng Peng , Xinyi Li , Zhemin Zhang , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Zhiding Liang , Ying Wang

Recent advances in quantum computing have drawn considerable attention to building realistic application for and using quantum computers. However, designing a suitable quantum circuit architecture requires expert knowledge. For example, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-19 En-Jui Kuo , Yao-Lung L. Fang , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen