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EEG foundation models (EEG-FMs) have been evaluated predominantly on clean, in-distribution accuracy, leaving their robustness, interpretability and representational quality largely unexamined. This study addresses these gaps by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Urban Širca , Maryam Alimardani , Stefanos Zafeiriou , Konstantinos Barmpas

This paper asks whether integrating multimodal EEG and fMRI data offers a better characterisation of functional brain architectures than either modality alone. This evaluation rests upon a dynamic causal model that generates both EEG and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-19 Huilin Wei , Amirhossein Jafarian , Peter Zeidman , Vladimir Litvak , Adeel Razi , Dewen Hu , Karl J. Friston

Electroencephalography (EEG) decoding requires models that can effectively extract and integrate complex temporal, spectral, and spatial features from multichannel signals. To address this challenge, we propose a lightweight and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haodong Zhang , Jiapeng Zhu , Yitong Chen , Hongqi Li

This paper presents a novel single-channel decomposition approach to facilitate the decomposition of electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded with limited channels. Our model posits that an EEG signal comprises short, shift-invariant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Hiroshi Higashi

Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis plays a crucial role in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, but accurate interpretation of these complex signals remains challenging. This paper introduces a novel multimodal framework(GAF-FusionNet) for ECG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jiahao Qin , Feng Liu

This paper presents an accurate and robust embedded motor-imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI). The proposed novel model, based on EEGNet, matches the requirements of memory footprint and computational resources of low-power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-18 Xiaying Wang , Michael Hersche , Batuhan Tömekce , Burak Kaya , Michele Magno , Luca Benini

We propose a new representation learning solution for the classification of cognitive load based on Electroencephalogram (EEG). Our method integrates both time and frequency domains by first passing the raw EEG signals through the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Prithila Angkan , Amin Jalali , Paul Hungler , Ali Etemad

The large volume of electroencephalograph (EEG) data produced by brain-computer interface (BCI) systems presents challenges for rapid transmission over bandwidth-limited channels in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. To address the issue,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Xin Zhu , Hongyi Pan , Ahmet Enis Cetin

Foundation models like CLIP and SAM have advanced computer vision and medical imaging via low-shot transfer learning, aiding CADD with limited data. However, their deployment faces two key challenges. \textit{distribution shift} where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Behraj Khan , Tahir Qasim Syed , Nouman M. Durrani , Bilal Naseem , Shabir Ahmad , Rizwan Qureshi

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have significantly advanced neuro-rehabilitation by enhancing motor control. However, accurately decoding continuous grasp force remains a challenge, limiting the effectiveness of BMI applications for fine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Parth G. Dangi , Yogesh Kumar Meena

The construction of large-scale, high-quality datasets is a fundamental prerequisite for developing robust and generalizable foundation models in motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, EEG signals collected from…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Dingkun Liu , Zhu Chen , Dongrui Wu

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used, non-invasive method for capturing brain activity, and is particularly relevant for applications in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). However, collecting high-quality EEG data remains a major…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-22 Henrique de Lima Alexandre , Clodoaldo Aparecido de Moraes Lima

Different functional areas of the human brain play different roles in brain activity, which has not been paid sufficient research attention in the brain-computer interface (BCI) field. This paper presents a new approach for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-29 Chuanqi Tan , Fuchun Sun , Tao Kong , Bin Fang , Wenchang Zhang

Emotion recognition based on EEG (electroencephalography) has been widely used in human-computer interaction, distance education and health care. However, the conventional methods ignore the adjacent and symmetrical characteristics of EEG…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-30 Xiangwen Deng , Junlin Zhu , Shangming Yang

The brain-computer interface (BCI) establishes a non-muscle channel that enables direct communication between the human body and an external device. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a popular non-invasive technique for recording brain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jamal Hwaidi , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system between humans and computers reflecting human intention without using a physical control device. Since deep learning is robust in extracting features from data, research on decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Sung-Jin Kim , Dae-Hyeok Lee , Yeon-Woo Choi

Due to large intra-subject and inter-subject variabilities of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) usually need subject-specific calibration to tailor the decoding algorithm for each new subject,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Dongrui Wu

The non-stationary nature of electroencephalography (EEG) signals makes an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) a dynamic system, thus improving its performance is a challenging task. In addition, it is well-known that due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Haider Raza , Dheeraj Rathee , ShangMing Zhou , Hubert Cecotti , Girijesh Prasad

Brain biometrics based on electroencephalography (EEG) have been used increasingly for personal identification. Traditional machine learning techniques as well as modern day deep learning methods have been applied with promising results. In…

Brain Computer Interface technologies are popular methods of communication between the human brain and external devices. One of the most popular approaches to BCI is Motor Imagery. In BCI applications, the ElectroEncephaloGraphy is a very…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Javier Fumanal-Idocin , Yu-Kai Wang , Chin-Teng Lin , Javier Fernández , Jose Antonio Sanz , Humberto Bustince