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Decoding natural language from non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) remains fundamentally limited by low signal-to-noise ratio and restricted information bandwidth. This raises a fundamental question regarding whether sentence-level…

The electroencephalogram (EEG) offers a non-invasive means by which a listener's auditory system may be monitored during continuous speech perception. Reliable auditory-EEG decoders could facilitate the objective diagnosis of hearing…

Evaluating foundation models under appropriate adaptation settings is essential for understanding the quality and transferability of the learned representations. Recent EEG foundation models have demonstrated promising transfer capabilities…

Simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) can provide a more complete view of brain function by merging high temporal and spatial resolutions. High-field ($\geq$3T) systems are standard, and require…

The ageing process may lead to cognitive and physical impairments, which may affect elderly everyday life. In recent years, the use of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Electroencephalography (EEG) has revealed to be particularly…

Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a crucial tool for studying brain activity. Recently, self-supervised learning methods leveraging large unlabeled datasets have emerged as a potential solution to the scarcity of widely available annotated EEG…

During speech perception, a listener's electroencephalogram (EEG) reflects acoustic-level processing as well as higher-level cognitive factors such as speech comprehension and attention. However, decoding speech from EEG recordings is…

The extraction of brain functioning features is a crucial step in the definition of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). In the last decade, functional connectivity (FC) estimators have been increasingly explored based on their ability to…

EEG based brain state decoding has numerous applications. State of the art decoding is based on processing of the multivariate sensor space signal, however evidence is mounting that EEG source reconstruction can assist decoding. EEG source…

Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis plays a vital role in the early detection, monitoring, and management of various cardiovascular conditions. While existing models have achieved notable success in ECG interpretation, they fail to leverage…

Brain encoding and decoding aims to understand the relationship between external stimuli and brain activities, and is a fundamental problem in neuroscience. In this article, we study latent embedding alignment for brain encoding and…

Cross-subject motor imagery (CS-MI) classification in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is a challenging task due to the significant variability in Electroencephalography (EEG) patterns across different individuals. This variability often…

The AI-based assisted diagnosis programs have been widely investigated on medical ultrasound images. Complex scenario of ultrasound image, in which the coupled interference of internal and external factors is severe, brings a unique…

Source localization based on electroencephalography (EEG) has become a widely used neuroimagining technique. However its precision has been shown to be very dependent on how accurately the brain, head and scalp can be electrically modeled…

Electroencephalography (EEG) classification is a versatile and portable technique for building non-invasive Brain-computer Interfaces (BCI). However, the classifiers that decode cognitive states from EEG brain data perform poorly when…

Electroencephalography (EEG), with its broad range of applications, necessitates models that can generalize effectively across various tasks and datasets. Large EEG Models (LEMs) address this by pretraining encoder-centric architectures on…

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in healthcare applications, such as arrhythmia detection and sleep monitoring, making accurate ECG analysis critically essential. Traditional deep learning models for ECG are task-specific, with…

ECG-Language Models (ELMs) extend recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to automated ECG interpretation. However, most ELMs follow Vision-Language Model (VLM) designs and depend on pretrained ECG encoders, adding…

Decoding the orchestration of neural activity in electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a central challenge in bridging neuroscience with artificial intelligence. Foundation models have made strides in generalized EEG decoding, yet many…

Human brain activity generates scalp potentials (electroencephalography EEG), intracranial potentials (iEEG), and external magnetic fields (magnetoencephalography MEG), all capable of being recorded, often simultaneously, for use in…