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Query expansion (QE) enhances retrieval by incorporating relevant terms, with large language models (LLMs) offering an effective alternative to traditional rule-based and statistical methods. However, LLM-based QE suffers from a fundamental…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kenya Abe , Kunihiro Takeoka , Makoto P. Kato , Masafumi Oyamada

Modern information retrieval must reconcile short, ambiguous queries with increasingly diverse and dynamic corpora. Query expansion (QE) remains a core technique for mitigating vocabulary mismatch, but its design space has been reshaped by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Minghan Li , Xinxuan Lv , Junjie Zou , Tongna Chen , Chao Zhang , Suchao An , Ercong Nie , Guodong Zhou

Query expansion has been employed for a long time to improve the accuracy of query retrievers. Earlier works relied on pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) techniques, which augment a query with terms extracted from documents retrieved in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Muhammad Shihab Rashid , Jannat Ara Meem , Yue Dong , Vagelis Hristidis

Recent studies demonstrate that query expansions generated by large language models (LLMs) can considerably enhance information retrieval systems by generating hypothetical documents that answer the queries as expansions. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yibin Lei , Yu Cao , Tianyi Zhou , Tao Shen , Andrew Yates

Effective query expansion for web search benefits from promoting both exploration and result diversity to capture multiple interpretations and facets of a query. While recent LLM-based methods have improved retrieval performance and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yibin Lei , Tao Shen , Andrew Yates

Query Expansion (QE) improves retrieval performance by enriching queries with related terms. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used for QE, but existing methods face a trade-off: generating diverse terms boosts performance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinseok Kim , Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Sangyeop Kim , Sungzoon Cho

Query expansion is the reformulation of a user query by adding semantically related information, and is an essential component of monolingual and cross-lingual information retrieval used to ensure that relevant documents are not missed.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Roksana Goworek , Eda B. Özyiğit

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to a surge of interest in query augmentation for information retrieval (IR). Two main approaches have emerged. The first prompts LLMs to generate answers or pseudo-documents that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhichao Xu , Shengyao Zhuang , Xueguang Ma , Bingsen Chen , Yijun Tian , Fengran Mo , Jie Cao , Vivek Srikumar

Query Expansion (QE) enriches queries and Document Expansion (DE) enriches documents, and these two techniques are often applied separately. However, such separate application may lead to semantic misalignment between the expanded queries…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yu Yang , Feng Tian , Ping Chen

The vocabulary mismatch problem is one of the important challenges facing traditional keyword-based Information Retrieval Systems. The aim of query expansion (QE) is to reduce this query-document mismatch by adding related or synonymous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Dipasree Pal , Mandar Mitra , Samar Bhattacharya

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved documents and/or generated context. However, LLMs often exhibit a stylistic bias when presented with mixed contexts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaang Li , Zhendong Mao , Quan Wang , Yuning Wan , Yongdong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various language tasks but they often generate incorrect information, a phenomenon known as "hallucinations". Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to mitigate this by using document retrieval for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Hamin Koo , Minseon Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Query expansion is a widely used technique to improve the recall of search systems. In this paper, we propose an approach to query expansion that leverages the generative abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike traditional query…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Rolf Jagerman , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

With the ever increasing size of the web, relevant information extraction on the Internet with a query formed by a few keywords has become a big challenge. Query Expansion (QE) plays a crucial role in improving searches on the Internet.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Hiteshwar Kumar Azad , Akshay Deepak

Query expansion is an effective approach for mitigating vocabulary mismatch between queries and documents in information retrieval. One recent line of research uses language models to generate query-related contexts for expansion. Along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Linqing Liu , Minghan Li , Jimmy Lin , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

Large language models (LLMs) inherently display hallucinations since the precision of generated texts cannot be guaranteed purely by the parametric knowledge they include. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Bingyu Wan , Fuxi Zhang , Zhongpeng Qi , Jiayi Ding , Jijun Li , Baoshi Fan , Yijia Zhang , Jun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used for query reformulation and expansion in Information Retrieval, with many studies reporting substantial effectiveness gains. However, these results are typically obtained under heterogeneous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Amin Bigdeli , Radin Hamidi Rad , Hai Son Le , Mert Incesu , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Ebrahim Bagheri

The effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating accurate responses relies heavily on the quality of input provided, particularly when employing Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques. RAG enhances LLMs by sourcing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Spurthi Setty , Harsh Thakkar , Alyssa Lee , Eden Chung , Natan Vidra

This study proposes a new way of using WordNet for Query Expansion (QE). We choose candidate expansion terms, as usual, from a set of pseudo relevant documents; however, the usefulness of these terms is measured based on their definitions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-09-20 Dipasree Pal , Mandar Mitra , Kalyankumar Datta

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong potential in mathematical reasoning, yet their effectiveness is often limited by a shortage of high-quality queries. This limitation necessitates scaling up computational responses through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jingyue Gao , Runji Lin , Keming Lu , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin , Jianyu Chen
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