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Ultrashort electron pulses are crucial for time-resolved electron diffraction and microscopy of fundamental light-matter interaction. In this work, we study experimentally and theoretically the generation and characterization of attosecond…

Optics · Physics 2018-03-21 Yuya Morimoto , Peter Baum

The thesis explores calculating tunneling current densities between planar conducting electrodes in an STM. It considers factors like bias voltages and the separation between electrodes, using Fermi energy and work functions. Pauli blocking…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-02-02 Malati Dessai

Ultrashort electron pulses with a high average current provide a powerful means of enhancing time-resolved imaging and photon generation. In this study, we report the attosecond shaping of sub-relativistic electron beams using membranes in…

Tunneling spectroscopy played a central role in the experimental verification of the microscopic theory of superconductivity in the classical superconductors. Initial attempts to apply the same approach to high-temperature superconductors…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-09-29 Oystein Fischer , Martin Kugler , Ivan Maggio-Aprile , Christophe Berthod , Christoph Renner

Over the past few decades, following the first demonstration of ultrafast electron microscopy, numerous research groups have focused on achieving attosecond temporal resolution in electron microscopy with the goal of imaging electron and…

Attosecond X-ray pulses are indispensable for exploring ultrafast phenomena in matter on Angstrom and attosecond scales. Here we propose a new method to realize spatiotemporal shaping of attosecond X-rays through temporal control of the…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Chenzhi Xu , Jiawei Yan , Gianluca Geloni , Christoph Lechner , Haixiao Deng

Ultrafast Electron Microscopy (UEM) has been demonstrated to be an effective table-top technique for imaging the temporally-evolving dynamics of matter with subparticle spatial resolution on the time scale of atomic motion. However, imaging…

Optics · Physics 2017-08-02 M. Th. Hassan , J. S. Baskin , B. Liao , A. H. Zewail

Attosecond angular streaking, also known as the "attoclock", employs a short elliptically polarized laser pulse to tunnel ionize an electron from an atom or a molecule and to put a time stamp on this process by deflecting the photoelectron…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Anatoli S. Kheifets

Attosecond laser pulses open the door to resolve microscopic electron dynamics in time. Experiments performed include the decay of a core hole, the time-resolved measurement of photo ionization and electron tunneling. The processes…

Atomic and Molecular Clusters · Physics 2011-11-09 Ionut Georgescu , Ulf Saalmann , Jan M. Rost

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) is a powerful technique that utilizes quantum tunneling to visualize atomic surfaces with high precision. This study presents detailed topographic maps and evaluates the local density of states (LDOS) for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Dhananjay Saikumar

Attosecond angular streaking measurements have revealed deep insights into the timing of tunnel ionization processes of atoms in intense laser fields. So far experiments of this type have been performed only with a cold-target recoil-ion…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2013-10-21 Matthias Weger , Jochen Maurer , André Ludwig , Lukas Gallmann , Ursula Keller

Coherent control over electron dynamics in atoms and molecules using high-intensity circularly-polarized laser pulses gives rise to current loops, resulting in the emission of magnetic fields. We propose and demonstrate with ab-initio…

The generation of ultrashort light pulses is essential for the advancement of attosecond science. Here, we show that attosecond pulses approaching the Fourier limit can be generated through optimized optical driving of tunneling particles…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Shohei Imai , Atsushi Ono

Electronic correlations occur on attosecond timescales, dictating how chemical bonds form, energy flows, and materials respond to light. Capturing such many-body processes requires light pulses of similar duration. The soft X-ray water…

Squeezed light has revolutionized quantum metrology by enhancing interferometry for sensitive applications such as the detection of gravitational waves. Squeezed light has also played a pivotal role in quantum information science with…

Attosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet have drawn a great deal of attention due to their ability to interrogate electronic dynamics in real time. Nevertheless, to follow charge dynamics and excitations in materials, element…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 S. M. Teichmann , F. Silva , S. L. Cousin , M. Hemmer , J. Biegert

Twenty-five years have passed since the first experimental demonstration of attosecond pulses, marking the advent of our ability to resolve and control electron motion in real time. What began as a technological breakthrough - generating…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-17 Rocio Borrego Varillas , Pierre Agostini , Fernando Ardana-Lamas , Cord L. Arnold , David Ayuso , Maurizio Reduzzi , Jakub Benda , Jens Biegert , Charles Bourassin-Bouchet , Thomas Brabec , Christian Brahms , Andrew C. Brown , David Busto , Jérémie Caillat , Francesca Calegari , Carlo Callegari , Stefanos Carlström , Zenghu Chang , Ming-Chang Chen , Anna G. Ciriolo , Paul Corkum , Gabriele Crippa , Rafael de Q. Garcia , Louis DiMauro , Nirit Dudovich , Per Eng-Johnsson , Davide Faccialà , Philip Flores , Titouan Gadeyne , Gianluca Aldo Geloni , Chase Geirger , Shima Gholam-Mirzaei , Jimena D. Gorfinkiel , Eleftherios Goulielmakis , Mohammed Hassan , Carlos Hernández-García , Phay Ho , Dandan Hui , Lynda R. Hutcheson , Misha Ivanov , Subhendu Kahaly , Henry Kapteyn , Nicholas Karpowicz , Franz X. Kärtner , Matthias Kling , Omer Kneller , Dong Hyuk Ko , Peter M. Kraus , Maximilian Kubullek , Stephen R. Leone , Franck Lépine , Anne L'Huillier , Chen-Ting Liao , Thomas Linker , Alexander Gabriel Lohr , Matteo Lucchini , Lars Bojer Madsen , Roland E. Mainz , Balázs Major , Jon P. Marangos , David Marco , Hugo Marroux , Sean Marshallsay , Rebeca Martínez Vázquez , Rodrigo Martín-Hernández , Zdeněk Mašín , Michael Meyer , Felipe Morales Moreno , Margaret Murnane , Daniel M. Neumark , Mauro Nisoli , Marcus Ossiander , Sreelakshmi Palakka , Serguei Patchkovskii , Zekun Pi , Luis Plaja , Julita Poborska , Miguel A. Porras , Kevin C. Prince , David N. Purschke , Nicolette G. Puskar , Giulio Maria Rossi , Jérémy R. Rouxel , Thierry Ruchon , Patrick Rupprecht , Pascal Salières , Giuseppe Sansone , Fabian Scheiba , Martin Schultze , Bernd Schütte , Svitozar Serkez , Miguel A. Silva-Toledo , Olga Smirnova , Salvatore Stagira , Andrea Trabattoni , John C. Travers , Igor Tyulnev , Morgane Vacher , Giulio Vampa , Hugo W. van der Hart , Katalin Varjú , Anne-Lise Viotti , Vartika Vishnoi , Marc Vrakking , Vincent Wanie , Stefan Witte , Fei Xu , Vladislav S. Yakovlev , Linda Young , Diling Zhu , Caterina Vozzi

In the last decade, advancements in attosecond spectroscopy have allowed us to study electron motion dynamics in condensed matter. The access to these electron dynamics and, consequently, its control by an ultrafast light field paves the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Mohamed Sennary , Jalil Shah , Mingrui Yuan , Ahmed Mahjoub , Vladimir Pervak , Nikolay Golubev , Mohammed Hassan

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been equipped with a nanoscale force sensor and signal transducer composed of a single D2 molecule that is confined in the STM junction. The uncalibrated sensor is used to obtain ultra-high…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 C. Weiss , C. Wagner , C. Kleimann , M. Rohlfing , F. S. Tautz , R. Temirov

We employ ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy to directly monitor electron tunneling between discrete orbital states in a pair of spatially separated quantum dots. Immediately after excitation, several peaks are observed in the pump-probe…