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Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zirui Wang , Yitong Li , Quanchi Wu , Jinjun Liu

This paper considers the control of AC-AC inter-linking converters (ILCs) in a multi-grid network. We overview the control schemes in the literature and propose a passivity framework for the stabilization of multi-grid networks, considering…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Jeremy Watson , Ioannis Lestas

With the increasing interest in converter-fed islanded microgrids, particularly for resilience, it is becoming more critical to understand the dynamical behavior of these systems. This paper takes a holistic view of grid-forming converters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-05 Ciaran Roberts , Jose Daniel Lara , Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Duncan S. Callaway

Partial resonance high frequency AC link converters are recognized to provide soft-switching, single-stage power conversion. They are highly reliable due to elimination of DC capacitors. Previous work has focused on proof of concept…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-22 Farid Naghavi , Hamid Toliyat

This paper derives closed-form solutions for grid-forming converters with power synchronization control (PSC) by subtly simplifying and factorizing the complex closed-loop models. The solutions can offer clear analytical insights into…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Fangzhou Zhao , Tianhua Zhu , Lennart Harnefors , Bo Fan , Heng Wu , Zichao Zhou , Yin Sun , Xiongfei Wang

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a commonly used technology for long-distance electric power transmission, mainly due to its low resistive losses. When connecting multiple HVDC lines into a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) system, several…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-06-24 Martin Andreasson , Na Li

The method for controlling a DC-DC converter is proposed to ensures the high quality control at large fluctuations in load currents by using differential gain control coefficients and second derivative control. Various implementations of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-13 Alexander Domyshev , Elena Chistyakova , Aliona Dreglea , Denis Sidorov , Fang Liu

In this paper, a novel distributed control strategy addressing a (feasible) psycho-social-physical welfare problem in islanded Direct Current (DC) smart grids is proposed. Firstly, we formulate a (convex) optimization problem that allows…

This paper studies the problem of robustly optimal operation control of microgrids with a high share of renewable energy sources. The main goal is to ensure optimal operation under a wide range of circumstances, given the highly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Ujjwal Pratap , Steffen Hofmann

This paper discusses some aspects of control schemes for voltage source converters under abnormal conditions. The control schemes are developed specifically for the situations when one or more system parameters vary significantly to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-15 Fahmid Sadeque , Tareq Hossen

In this work, an advanced motion controller is proposed for buck converter-fed DC motor systems. The design is based on an idea of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with its key component being a custom observer capable of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Rafal Madonski , Krzysztof Łakomy , Momir Stankovic , Sally Shao , Jun Yang , Shihua Li

Voltage regulation under conventional grid-forming controllers is tightly coupled to power sharing and dc-link dynamics. Consequently, its tracking accuracy deteriorates during grid faults, sudden power sharing changes, or dc-bus voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Qianxi Tang , Li Peng , Xuefeng Wang , Xinchen Yao

This paper presents a closed-loop controller for wind farms to provide active power control services using a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics based wind plant simulator. The proposed design enhances power tracking stability and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-15 Jean Gonzalez Silva , Bart Matthijs Doekemeijer , Riccardo Ferrari , Jan-Willem van Wingerden

In this work, we present a Lyapunov framework for establishing stability with respect to a compact set for a nested interconnection of nonlinear dynamical systems ordered from slow to fast according to their convergence rates, where each of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß , Marcello Colombino , Florian Dörfler

A DC microgrid is a promising alternative to the traditional AC power grid, since it can efficiently integrate distributed and renewable energy resources. However, as an emerging framework, it lacks the rigorous theoretical guarantees of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Muratkhan Abdirash , Xiaofan Cui

In this paper, we propose a systematic closed-loop approach to provide optimal dynamic ancillary services with converter-interfaced generation systems based on local power grid perception. In particular, we structurally encode dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

Converter-based generators and loads are growing in prevalence on power grids across the globe. The rise of these resources necessitates controllers that handle the power electronic devices' strict current limits without jeopardizing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Lauren Streitmatter , Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac power converters in emerging power systems that contain ac and dc networks, renewable generation, and conventional generation. We propose a novel power-balancing GFM control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß

Large-scale integration of renewables in power systems gives rise to new challenges for keeping synchronization and frequency stability in volatile and uncertain power flow states. To ensure the safety of operation, the system must maintain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Chao Duan , Pratyush Chakraborty , Takashi Nishikawa , Adilson E. Motter

We prove that the popular grid-forming control, i.e., dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC), also termed complex droop control, exhibits output-feedback passivity in its large-signal model, featuring an explicit and physically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Xiuqiang He , Florian Dörfler