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The integration of massive offshore wind into hybrid AC-HVDC grids demands robust DC voltage regulation, yet conventional fixed-gain droop controllers struggle under severe stochastic volatility. This paper bridges the gap between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Hongjin Du , Aleksandra Lekić

In this paper, we propose a harmonic-model based control approach for the three-phase grid-tied AC-DC converter. We derive a nonlinear harmonic domain model and demonstrate its efficacy in designing harmonic control with global stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Maxime Grosso , Pierre Riedinger , Jamal Daafouz , Serge Pierfederici , Hicham Janati-Idrissi , Blaise Lapôtre

This paper presents an improved droop control method to ensure effective power sharing, voltage regulation, and frequency stabilization of inverter-based resources (IBRs) connected in parallel in an islanded AC microgrid. In the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Ayobami Olajube , Koto Omiloli , Satish Vedula , Olugbenga Anubi

Implementing frequency response using grid-connected inverters is one of the popular proposed alternatives to mitigate the dynamic degradation experienced in low inertia power systems. However, such solution faces several challenges as…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Yan Jiang , Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

We present a full review of PID passivity-based controllers (PBC) applied to power electronic converters, discussing limitations, unprecedented merits and potential improvements in terms of large-signal stability, robustness and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-24 Daniele Zonetti , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz , Romeo Ortega , Nima Monshizadeh

The integration of inverter-interfaced generators introduces new instability phenomena into modern power systems. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of two widely used droop-based grid-forming controls, namely droop control and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Meng Chen , Yufei Xi , Lin Cheng , Xiongfei Wang , Ioannis Lestas

Modeled after the hierarchical control architecture of power transmission systems, a layering of primary, secondary, and tertiary control has become the standard operation paradigm for islanded microgrids. Despite this superficial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 Florian Dörfler , John Simpson-Porco , Francesco Bullo

To reduce CO2 emissions and tackle increasing fuel costs, the aviation industry is swiftly moving towards the electrification of aircraft. From the viewpoint of systems and control, a key challenge brought by this transition corresponds to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Wasif H. Syed , Juan E. Machado , Hans Würfel , Ekrem Hanli , Johannes Schiffer

In this paper, we investigate the transient stability of a state-of-the-art grid-forming complex-droop control (i.e., dispatchable virtual oscillator control, dVOC) under current saturation. We quantify the saturation level of a converter…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-03 Maitraya Avadhut Desai , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler

This paper introduces a universal power synchronization controller for grid-side control of the wind turbine conversion systems in an offshore wind farm with a diode rectifier in the offshore substation of the HVDC link. The controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Orcun Karaca , Ioannis Tsoumas , Mario Schweizer , Ognjen Stanojev , Lennart Harnefors

Power electronic converters are becoming the main components of modern power systems due to the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. However, power converters may become unstable when interacting with the complex and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 Feiran Zhao , Ruohan Leng , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Keyou You , Florian Dörfler

We consider frequency control of synchronous generator networks and study transient performance under both primary and secondary frequency control. We model random step changes in power loads and evaluate performance in terms of expected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Martin Andreasson , Emma Tegling , Henrik Sandberg , Karl H. Johansson

As the energy transition transforms power grids across the globe, it poses several challenges regarding grid design and control. In particular, high levels of intermittent renewable generation complicate the task of continuously balancing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-07 Randall Martyr , Benjamin Schaefer , Christian Beck , Vito Latora

This work develops a constraint-aware grid-forming (GFM) control that explicitly accounts for current limits and modulation limits within the GFM oscillator dynamics generating the GFM voltage reference (i.e., phase angle and magnitude).…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Dominic Groß

This paper investigates transient performance of inverter-based microgrids in terms of the resistive power losses incurred in regulating frequency under persistent stochastic disturbances. We model the inverters as second-order oscillators…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Emma Tegling , Martin Andreasson , John W. Simpson-Porco , Henrik Sandberg

In this paper we are interested in the problem of adaptive synchronization of a voltage source converter with a possibly weak grid with unknown angle and frequency, but knowledge of its parameters. To guarantee a suitable synchronization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-17 Daniele Zonetti , Alexey Bobtsov , Romeo Ortega , Nikolay Nikolaev , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

We treat the emerging power systems with direct current (DC) MicroGrids, characterized with high penetration of power electronic converters. We rely on the power electronics to propose a decentralized solution for autonomous learning of and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Marko Angjelichinoski , Anna Scaglione , Petar Popovski , Cedomir Stefanovic

We consider the problem of stability analysis for distribution grids with droop-controlled inverters and dynamic distribution power lines. The inverters are modeled as voltage sources with controllable frequency and amplitude. This problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Stefanos Baros , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Francis O'Sullivan

This paper explores the stability of nonsynchronous hybrid ac/dc power grids under the grid-forming hybrid angle control strategy. We formulate dynamical models for the ac grids and transmission lines, interlinking converters, and dc…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Ali Tayyebi , Florian Dörfler

Distributed cooperative droop control consisting of the primary decentralized droop control and the {secondary} distributed correction control is studied in this paper, which aims to achieve an exact current sharing between generators,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Ji Xiang , Yu Wang , Yanjun Li , Wei Wei