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Related papers: Scaling Laws for Optimal Data Mixtures

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When training deep neural networks, a model's generalization error is often observed to follow a power scaling law dependent both on the model size and the data size. Perhaps the best known example of such scaling laws are for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alex Havrilla , Wenjing Liao

Precise estimation of downstream performance in large language models (LLMs) prior to training is essential for guiding their development process. Scaling laws analysis utilizes the statistics of a series of significantly smaller sampling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yangyi Chen , Binxuan Huang , Yifan Gao , Zhengyang Wang , Jingfeng Yang , Heng Ji

While scaling laws provide a reliable methodology for predicting train loss across compute scales for a single data distribution, less is known about how these predictions should change as we change the distribution. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 David Brandfonbrener , Nikhil Anand , Nikhil Vyas , Eran Malach , Sham Kakade

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse tasks are now well established, yet their effective deployment necessitates careful hyperparameter optimization. Although existing methods have explored the…

Empirically, large-scale deep learning models often satisfy a neural scaling law: the test error of the trained model improves polynomially as the model size and data size grow. However, conventional wisdom suggests the test error consists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Licong Lin , Jingfeng Wu , Sham M. Kakade , Peter L. Bartlett , Jason D. Lee

Scale has been a major driving force in improving machine learning performance, and understanding scaling laws is essential for strategic planning for a sustainable model quality performance growth, long-term resource planning and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Newsha Ardalani , Carole-Jean Wu , Zeliang Chen , Bhargav Bhushanam , Adnan Aziz

Recent works have shown that machine learning models improve at a predictable rate with the total amount of training data, leading to scaling laws that describe the relationship between error and dataset size. These scaling laws can help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ian Covert , Wenlong Ji , Tatsunori Hashimoto , James Zou

Neural network-based emulators for the inference of stellar parameters and elemental abundances represent an increasingly popular methodology in modern spectroscopic surveys. However, these approaches are often constrained by their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-10 Tomasz Różański , Yuan-Sen Ting

Code Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing software engineering. However, scaling laws that guide the efficient training are predominantly analyzed on Natural Language (NL). Given the fundamental differences like strict syntax…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xianzhen Luo , Wenzhen Zheng , Qingfu Zhu , Rongyi Zhang , Houyi Li , Siming Huang , YuanTao Fan , Wanxiang Che

Selecting the best data mixture is critical for successful Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) of Multimodal Large Language Models. However, determining the optimal mixture weights across multiple domain-specific datasets remains a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Davide Berasi , Matteo Farina , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci

Neural scaling laws--power-law relationships between generalization errors and characteristics of deep learning models--are vital tools for developing reliable models while managing limited resources. Although the success of large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Tilen Cadez , Kyoung-Min Kim

Low-precision training is critical for optimizing the trade-off between model quality and training costs, necessitating the joint allocation of model size, dataset size, and numerical precision. While empirical scaling laws suggest that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Dechen Zhang , Xuan Tang , Yingyu Liang , Difan Zou

Optimal configuration of the learning rate (LR) is a fundamental yet formidable challenge in large-scale pre-training. Given the stringent trade-off between training costs and model performance, the pivotal question is whether the optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yunhua Zhou , Shuhao Xing , Junhao Huang , Xipeng Qiu , Qipeng Guo

We study the empirical scaling laws of a family of encoder-decoder autoregressive transformer models on the task of joint motion forecasting and planning in the autonomous driving domain. Using a 500 thousand hours driving dataset, we…

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) predict model performance based on parameters like size and training data. However, differences in training configurations and data processing across model families lead to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Felipe Maia Polo , Seamus Somerstep , Leshem Choshen , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

We study empirical scaling laws for transfer learning between distributions in an unsupervised, fine-tuning setting. When we train increasingly large neural networks from-scratch on a fixed-size dataset, they eventually become data-limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Danny Hernandez , Jared Kaplan , Tom Henighan , Sam McCandlish

Guided by the belief of the scaling law, large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in recent years. However, scaling law only gives a qualitative estimation of loss, which is influenced by various factors such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Chuhan Wu , Ruiming Tang

The scaling of large language models (LLMs) is a critical research area for the efficiency and effectiveness of model training and deployment. Our work investigates the transferability and discrepancies of scaling laws between Dense Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Siqi Wang , Zhengyu Chen , Bei Li , Keqing He , Min Zhang , Jingang Wang

Scaling laws play a central role in the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling the prediction of model performance relative to compute budgets prior to training. While Transformers have been the dominant architecture, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Maximilian Beck , Kajetan Schweighofer , Sebastian Böck , Sebastian Lehner , Sepp Hochreiter

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) have provided useful guidance in training ever larger models for predictable performance gains. Time series forecasting shares a similar sequential structure to language, and is amenable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Thomas D. P. Edwards , James Alvey , Justin Alsing , Nam H. Nguyen , Benjamin D. Wandelt