Related papers: Pseudo-gauge invariant non-equilibrium density ope…
It is shown that different pairs of stress-energy and spin tensors of quantum relativistic fields related by a pseudo-gauge transformation, i.e. differing by a divergence, imply different mean values of physical quantities in…
Classical pseudo-gauge transformations are discussed in the context of hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions. A decomposition of the pseudo-gauge transformation into Lorentz-invariant tensors is made, which allows for better…
Explicit expressions for quantum fluctuations of energy in subsystems of a hot relativistic gas of spin-$1/2$ particles are derived. The results depend on the form of the energy-momentum tensor used in the calculations, which is a feature…
The energy-momentum and spin tensors for a given theory can be replaced by alternative expressions that obey the same conservation laws for the energy, linear momentum, as well as angular momentum but, however, differ by the local…
We address gauge invariance in the statistical mechanics of quantum many-body systems. The gauge transformation acts on the position and momentum degrees of freedom and it is represented by a quantum shifting superoperator that maps quantum…
It is shown that if a generalized definition of gauge invariance is used, gauge invariant effective stress-energy tensors for gravitational waves and other gravitational perturbations can be defined in a much larger variety of circumstances…
The relativistic treatment of spin is a fundamental subject which has an old history. In various physical contexts it is necessary to separate the relativistic total angular momentum into an orbital and spin contribution. However, such…
We review some selected aspects of the construction of gauge invariant operators in field theories on non-commutative spaces and their relation to the energy momentum tensor as well as to the non-commutative loop equations.
The postulate of gauge invariance in nature does not lend itself directly to implementations of lattice gauge theories in modern setups of quantum synthetic matter. Unavoidable gauge-breaking errors in such devices require gauge invariance…
Extending the Gaussian covariant hydrodynamics approach [1] using torsion as an auxiliary field we formulate a fluctuating hydrodynamics with spin which is covariant with respect to pseudo-gauge transformations as well as generally…
The invariant projections of the energy-momentum tensors of Lagrangian densities for tensor fields over differentiable manifolds with contravariant and covariant affine connections and metrics [$(\bar{L}_n,g)$-spaces] are found by the use…
We study the spatial distributions of pressure, energy density, and shear forces inside the nucleon within the two-flavor Skyrme model including vector mesons. This framework has the advantage that nucleon configurations can be stabilized…
The density of states of self-gravitational system diverges when the particles are spread to infinity. Other problem based an inhomogeneous distribution of particles,which motivate the gravitational interaction. In this sense the…
Conserved currents of relativistic spin fluids derived from microscopic models are known to violate local thermodynamic relations. We present a systematic analysis of pseudo-gauge improvements in ideal spin hydrodynamics and identify a…
Computer simulations generate trajectories at a single, well-defined thermodynamic state point. Statistical reweighting offers the means to reweight static and dynamical properties to different equilibrium state points by means of analytic…
After recapitulating the covariant formalism of equilibrium statistical mechanics in special relativity and extending it to the case of a non-vanishing spin tensor, we show that the relativistic stress-energy tensor at thermodynamical…
We study steady-state properties of inelastic gases in two-dimensions in the presence of an energy source. We generalize previous hydrodynamic treatments to situations where high and low density regions coexist. The theoretical predictions…
We investigate gauge invariance against phase space shifting in nonequilibrium systems, as represented by time-dependent many-body Hamiltonians that drive an initial ensemble out of thermal equilibrium. The theory gives rise to gauge…
Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large.…
Equal-time commutators of different components of the energy-momentum tensor at spatially separated points are calculated for a relativistic quantum Fermi gas at finite temperature and density. Different definitions of such components, also…