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Early energy-momentum investigations for gravitating systems gave reference frame dependent pseudotensors; later the quasilocal idea was developed. Quasilocal energy-momentum can be determined by the Hamiltonian boundary term, which also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 C. C. Chang , J. M. Nester , C. M. Chen

A pseudorandom point in an ergodic dynamical system over a computable metric space is a point which is computable but its dynamics has the same statistical behavior as a typical point of the system. It was proved in [Avigad et al. 2010,…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2010-06-03 Stefano Galatolo , Mathieu Hoyrup , Cristóbal Rojas

Expressions for the quantum fluctuations of energy density have been derived for the subsystems consisting of hot relativistic gas of particles with spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and mass $m$. Our expressions for the fluctuation depend on the form of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-10 Rajeev Singh

We consider non-linear wave type solutions with mass scale parameter and vahished canonical spin density operator in a pure SU(2) quantum chtomodynamics (QCD). A new stationary solution which can be treated as a system of static Wu-Yang…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Bum-Hoon Lee , Youngman Kim , D. G. Pak , Takuya Tsukioka , P. M. Zhang

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics provides a general framework for understanding non-equilibrium processes, particularly in small systems that are typically far from equilibrium and dominated by fluctuations. However, the experimental…

Optics · Physics 2023-09-08 Yu Zheng , Lyu-Hang Liu , Xiang-Dong Chen , Guang-Can Guo , Fang-Wen Sun

A gauge-invariant C*-system is obtained as the fixed point subalgebra of the infinite tensor product of full matrix algebras under the tensor product unitary action of a compact group. In the paper, thermodynamics is studied on such systems…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2009-11-10 N. Akiho , F. Hiai , D. Petz

The problem of finding a covariant expression for the distribution and conservation of gravitational energy-momentum dates to the 1910s. A suitably covariant infinite-component localization is displayed, reflecting Bergmann's realization…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-20 J. Brian Pitts

The problem of finding a covariant expression for the distribution and conservation of gravitational energy-momentum dates to the 1910s. A suitably covariant infinite-component localization is displayed, reflecting Bergmann's realization…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-10 J. Brian Pitts

We use a first-principle quantum-statistical method to derive the expression of the entropy production rate in relativistic spin hydrodynamics. We show that the entropy current is not uniquely defined and can be changed by means of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-28 Francesco Becattini , Asaad Daher , Xin-Li Sheng

A semi-relativistic density-functional theory that includes spin-orbit couplings and Zeeman fields on equal footing with the electromagnetic potentials, is an appealing framework to develop a unified first-principles computational approach…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-09-13 S. Pittalis , G. Vignale , F. G. Eich

In this article, we propose a Lyapunov stability approach to analyze the convergence of the density operator of a quantum system. In contrast to many previously studied convergence analysis methods for invariant density operators which use…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-29 Muhammad F. Emzir , Ian R. Petersen , Matthew J. Woolley

The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by "deriving it without assuming it" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-26 Karl-Henning Rehren

A model for the pseudo-turbulent Reynolds stress tensor in compressible flows through monodisperse particle clouds is developed based on data from particle resolved numerical simulations. This model extends previous models for the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-05-09 Andreas Nygård Osnes , Magnus Vartdal

Self-gravitating system are non-equilibrium a priory. A new approach is proposed, which employs a non-equilibrium statistical operator into account inhomogeneous distribution of particles and temperature. The method involves the saddle -…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-12 B. I. Lev

We provide an extended acount of the recent statistical mechanical theory of gauge invariance against operator shifting in quantum many-body systems (arXiv:2509.20494). The gauge transformation is enacted by a shifting superoperator that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-27 Johanna Müller , Matthias Schmidt

The strictly gauge invariant approach to the construction of the analog of guiding center integrals of motion in spatially homogeneous/inhomogeneous constant magnetic fields is considered. With their help the gauge invariant equations,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-01-30 E. L. Rumyantsev , A. V. Germanenko

Metastable behavior in dynamical systems may be a significant challenge for a simulation based analysis. In recent years, transfer operator based approaches to problems exhibiting metastability have matured. In order to make these…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-05-20 Andreas Bittracher , Péter Koltai , Oliver Junge

We give an introductory account of the recently identified gauge invariance of the equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical many-body systems [J. M\"uller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 217101 (2024)]. The gauge…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-26 Johanna Müller , Florian Sammüller , Matthias Schmidt

We discuss the quantum statistical fluctuations of energy in subsystems of hot relativistic gas for both spin-zero and spin half particles. We explicitly show the system size dependence of the quantum statistical fluctuation of energy. Our…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-06-15 Arpan Das

Additive processes are obtained from L\'{e}vy ones by relaxing the condition of stationary increments, hence they are spatially (but not temporally) homogeneous. By analogy with the case of time-homogeneous Markov processes, one can define…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-15 Luisa Beghin , Costantino Ricciuti