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Integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into visual domain tasks, resulting in visual-LLMs (V-LLMs), has enabled exceptional performance in vision-language tasks, particularly for visual question answering (VQA). However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Kanchana Ranasinghe , Satya Narayan Shukla , Omid Poursaeed , Michael S. Ryoo , Tsung-Yu Lin

Time-Sensitive Question Answering (TSQA) demands the effective utilization of specific temporal contexts, encompassing multiple time-evolving facts, to address time-sensitive questions. This necessitates not only the parsing of temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Wanqi Yang , Yanda Li , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Identification and localization of sounds are both integral parts of computational auditory scene analysis. Although each can be solved separately, the goal of forming coherent auditory objects and achieving a comprehensive spatial scene…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Ivo Trowitzsch , Christopher Schymura , Dorothea Kolossa , Klaus Obermayer

Ambisonics is an established framework to capture, process, and reproduce spatial sound fields based on its spherical harmonics representation. We propose a generalization of conventional spherical ambisonics to the spheroidal coordinate…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Shoken Kaneko

Audio-visual sound source localization task aims to spatially localize sound-making objects within visual scenes by integrating visual and audio cues. However, existing methods struggle with accurately localizing sound-making objects in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Sung Jin Um , Dongjin Kim , Sangmin Lee , Jung Uk Kim

Document Visual Question Answering (VQA) demands robust integration of text detection, recognition, and spatial reasoning to interpret complex document layouts. In this work, we introduce DLaVA, a novel, training-free pipeline that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ahmad Mohammadshirazi , Pinaki Prasad Guha Neogi , Ser-Nam Lim , Rajiv Ramnath

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Localizing sounds and detecting events in different room environments is a difficult task, mainly due to the wide range of reflections and reverberations. When training neural network models with sounds recorded in only a few room…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-06 Yusun Shul , Byeong-Yun Ko , Jung-Woo Choi

Recent advancements in machine learning have fueled research on multimodal tasks, such as for instance text-to-video and text-to-audio retrieval. These tasks require models to understand the semantic content of video and audio data,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Andreea-Maria Oncescu , João F. Henriques , A. Sophia Koepke

Given an input sound signal and a target virtual sound source, sound spatialisation algorithms manipulate the signal so that a listener perceives it as though it were emitted from the target source. There exist several established…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Ali Tarzan , Marco Alunno , Paolo Bientinesi

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to dramatic improvements in question answering (QA). To address the challenge of evaluating QA systems, standardized benchmarks have been introduced. This work focuses on the problem…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Majid Saeedan , Muhammad Shihab Rashid , Ahmed Eldawy , Vagelis Hristidis

Spatial Reasoning from language is essential for natural language understanding. Supporting it requires a representation scheme that can capture spatial phenomena encountered in language as well as in images and videos. Existing spatial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Soham Dan , Parisa Kordjamshidi , Julia Bonn , Archna Bhatia , Jon Cai , Martha Palmer , Dan Roth

Large audio-language models (LALMs) enhance traditional large language models by integrating audio perception capabilities, allowing them to tackle audio-related tasks. Previous research has primarily focused on assessing the performance of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Chun-Yi Kuan , Wei-Ping Huang , Hung-yi Lee

In this paper, we present a hierarchical question-answering (QA) approach for scene understanding in autonomous vehicles, balancing cost-efficiency with detailed visual interpretation. The method fine-tunes a compact vision-language model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Safaa Abdullahi Moallim Mohamud , Minjin Baek , Dong Seog Han

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising results, yet existing approaches struggle to effectively handle both temporal and spatial localization simultaneously. This challenge stems from two key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hongyu Li , Jinyu Chen , Ziyu Wei , Shaofei Huang , Tianrui Hui , Jialin Gao , Xiaoming Wei , Si Liu

Learning from data in the quaternion domain enables us to exploit internal dependencies of 4D signals and treating them as a single entity. One of the models that perfectly suits with quaternion-valued data processing is represented by 3D…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-16 Danilo Comminiello , Marco Lella , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

Acoustic scenes are rich and redundant in their content. In this work, we present a spatio-temporal attention pooling layer coupled with a convolutional recurrent neural network to learn from patterns that are discriminative while…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Huy Phan , Oliver Y. Chén , Lam Pham , Philipp Koch , Maarten De Vos , Ian McLoughlin , Alfred Mertins

Continuously learning a variety of audio-video semantics over time is crucial for audio-related reasoning tasks in our ever-evolving world. However, this is a nontrivial problem and poses two critical challenges: sparse spatio-temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jaewoo Lee , Jaehong Yoon , Wonjae Kim , Yunji Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

This paper focuses on the challenge of answering questions in scenarios that are composed of rich and complex dynamic audio-visual components. Although existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can respond to audio-visual content,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Qilang Ye , Zitong Yu , Rui Shao , Xinyu Xie , Philip Torr , Xiaochun Cao

Despite significant recent progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), current MLLMs are challenged by "spatio-temporal" prompts, i.e., prompts that refer to 1) the entirety of an environment encoded in a point cloud that the MLLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Haozhen Zheng , Beitong Tian , Mingyuan Wu , Zhenggang Tang , Klara Nahrstedt , Alex Schwing