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Diffusion-based generative models (DGMs) have recently attracted attention in speech enhancement research (SE) as previous works showed a remarkable generalization capability. However, DGMs are also computationally intensive, as they…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Chenda Li , Samuele Cornell , Shinji Watanabe , Yanmin Qian

Diffusion language models (DLMs) offer a promising path toward low-latency generation through parallel decoding, but their practical efficiency depends heavily on the decoding trajectory. In practice, this advantage often fails to fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Lingjie Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Yuyu Fan , Yanjun Zhao , Hanghang Tong

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs), which offer a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive LLMs, have recently shown strong results in pretraining. However, due to their lack of tractable sequence-level likelihoods, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Anthony Zhan

Auto-regressive models (ARMs) have established a dominant paradigm in language modeling. However, their strictly sequential decoding paradigm imposes fundamental constraints on both inference efficiency and modeling flexibility. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuyan Zhou , Kai Syun Hou , Weiyu Chen , James Kwok

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have recently emerged as a promising class of generative models. However, a fundamental limitation is that their inference is very slow due to a need for many (e.g., 2000) iterations of sequential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Hengyuan Ma , Li Zhang , Xiatian Zhu , Jianfeng Feng

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) provide a fast and flexible alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) via iterative denoising with parallel updates. However, their evaluation is challenging: existing metrics conflate denoiser…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Luhan Tang , Longxuan Yu , Shaorong Zhang , Greg Ver Steeg

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have achieved great success in image generation but suffer from high inference latency due to their iterative denoising nature. Motivated by the evolving feature dynamics across the denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Haodong He , Yuan Gao , Weizhong Zhang , Gui-Song Xia

Diffusion Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as promising alternatives to Auto-Regressive (AR) models. While recent efforts have validated their pre-training potential and accelerated inference speeds, the post-training landscape for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ying Zhu , Jiaxin Wan , Xiaoran Liu , Siyang He , Qiqi Wang , Xu Guo , Tianyi Liang , Zengfeng Huang , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) provide a promising alternative to autoregressive language models by generating text through iterative denoising and bidirectional refinement. However, this iterative generation paradigm also introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yejin Lee , Yo-Sub Han

Despite remarkable progress in autoregressive language models, alternative generative paradigms beyond left-to-right generation are still being actively explored. Discrete diffusion models, with the capacity for parallel generation, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Minkai Xu , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Weili Nie , Yilun Xu , Jure Leskovec , Stefano Ermon , Arash Vahdat

Inference-time scaling has achieved remarkable success in language models, yet its adaptation to diffusion models remains underexplored. We observe that the efficacy of recent Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC)-based methods largely stems from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xun Su , Jianming Huang , Yang Yusen , Zhongxi Fang , Hiroyuki Kasai

Despite a growing interest in diffusion-based language models, existing work has not shown that these models can attain nontrivial likelihoods on standard language modeling benchmarks. In this work, we take the first steps towards closing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Ishaan Gulrajani , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

Diffusion models excel at capturing the natural design spaces of images, molecules, DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. However, rather than merely generating designs that are natural, we often aim to optimize downstream reward functions while…

Diffusion models generate samples through an iterative denoising process, guided by a neural network. While training the denoiser on real-world data is computationally demanding, the sampling procedure itself is more flexible. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Constant Bourdrez , Alexandre Vérine , Olivier Cappé

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) are rapidly emerging alongside autoregressive models as a powerful paradigm for complex reasoning, with reinforcement learning increasingly used for downstream alignment. Existing trajectory-based RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ranfei Chen , Ming Chen , Kaifei Wang

Diffusion models have recently gained prominence in offline reinforcement learning due to their ability to effectively learn high-performing, generalizable policies from static datasets. Diffusion-based planners facilitate long-horizon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Donghyeon Ki , JunHyeok Oh , Seong-Woong Shim , Byung-Jun Lee

Diffusion-based language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive language models, offering the potential for parallel token generation and bidirectional context modeling. However, harnessing this flexibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiyeon Kim , Sungik Choi , Yongrae Jo , Moontae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Diffusion language models (DLMs) are emerging as a compelling alternative to the dominant autoregressive paradigm, offering inherent advantages in parallel generation and bidirectional context modeling. However, for the tasks with strict…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yihong Dong , Zhaoyu Ma , Xue Jiang , Zhiyuan Fan , Jiaru Qian , Yongmin Li , Jianha Xiao , Zhi Jin , Rongyu Cao , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Ge Li

Diffusion language models generate without a fixed left-to-right order, making token ordering a central algorithmic choice: which tokens should be revealed, retained, revised or verified at each step? Existing systems mainly use random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Dake Bu , Wei Huang , Andi Han , Hau-San Wong , Qingfu Zhang , Taiji Suzuki , Atsushi Nitanda

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) offer a compelling paradigm for natural language generation, leveraging parallel decoding and bidirectional attention to achieve superior global coherence compared to autoregressive models. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhongyu Xiao , Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Yong Luo , Jia Liu , Jie Xu , Han Hu
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