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The problems of conditional entropy's definition and the formula to compute conditional entropy are analyzed from various perspectives, and the corrected computing formula is presented. Examples are given to prove the conclusion that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-08-24 Wang Yong

Probabilistic separation logic offers an approach to reasoning about imperative probabilistic programs in which a separating conjunction is used as a mechanism for expressing independence properties. Crucial to the effectiveness of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Janez Ignacij Jereb , Alex Simpson

We introduce isotonic conditional laws (ICL) which extend the classical notion of conditional laws by the additional requirement that there exists an isotonic relationship between the random variable of interest and the conditioning random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Sebastian Arnold , Johanna Ziegel

This note is concerned with a formal analysis of the problem of non-monotonic reasoning in intelligent systems, especially when the uncertainty is taken into account in a quantitative way. A firm connection between logic and probability is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Hung-Trung Nguyen

The principle of the common cause claims that if an improbable coincidence has occurred, there must exist a common cause. This is generally taken to mean that positive correlations between non-causally related events should disappear when…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2017-03-20 Claudio Mazzola

The propositional logic is generalized on the real numbers field. the logical function with all properties of the classical probability function is obtained. The logical analog of the Bernoulli independent tests scheme is constructed. The…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. A. Quznetsov

In this paper we consider finite conditional random quantities and conditional previsions assessments in the setting of coherence. We use a suitable representation for conditional random quantities; in particular the indicator of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-04-13 Angelo Gilio , Giuseppe Sanfilippo

In this paper, starting from a generalized coherent (i.e. avoiding uniform loss) intervalvalued probability assessment on a finite family of conditional events, we construct conditional probabilities with quasi additive classes of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Giuseppe Sanfilippo

In this talk - based on the results of a forthcoming paper (Coletti, Scozzafava and Vantaggi 2002), presented also by one of us at the Conference on "Non Classical Logic, Approximate Reasoning and Soft-Computing" (Anacapri, Italy, 2001) -…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Giulianella Coletti , Romano Scozzafava , Barbara Vantaggi

We study abductive, causal, and non-causal conditionals in indicative and counterfactual formulations using probabilistic truth table tasks under incomplete probabilistic knowledge (N = 80). We frame the task as a probability-logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Niki Pfeifer , Leena Tulkki

A very simple example demonstrates that Fisher's application of the conditionality principle to regression ("fixed-$x$ regression"), endorsed by Sprott and many other followers, makes prediction impossible in the context of statistical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Vladimir Vovk

We study product regular conditional probabilities under measures of two coordinates with respect to the second coordinate that are weakly continuous on the support of the marginal of the second coordinate. Assuming that there exists a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-18 Willem van Zuijlen

For a linear combination of random variables, fix some confidence level and consider the quantile of the combination at this level. We are interested in the partial derivatives of the quantile with respect to the weights of the random…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-10 Dirk Tasche

Principle of Relativity involving all, not only subluminal, inertial frames leads to the disturbance of causal laws in a way known from the fundamental postulates of Quantum Theory. We show how quantum indeterminacy based on complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-01 Andrzej Dragan

Given a sequence of Borel probability measures on a Hausdorff space which satisfy a large deviation principle, we consider the corresponding sequence of measures formed by conditioning on a set $B$. If the large deviation rate function $I$…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Brian R. La Cour , William C. Schieve

Scoring rules measure the deviation between a probabilistic forecast and reality. Strictly proper scoring rules have the property that for any forecast, the mathematical expectation of the score of a forecast p by the lights of p is…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-28 Alexander R. Pruss

A class of generalized definitions of expectation value is often employed in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics for complex systems. Here, the necessary and sufficient condition is presented for such a class to be stable under small…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-09-21 Aziz El Kaabouchi , Sumiyoshi Abe

Conditionals are useful for modelling, but are not always sufficiently expressive for capturing information accurately. In this paper we make the case for a form of conditional that is situation-based. These conditionals are more expressive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Giovanni Casini , Thomas Meyer , Ivan Varzinczak

The purpose of this paper is to present a mathematical theory that can be used as a foundation for statistics that include improper priors. This theory includes improper laws in the initial axioms and has in particular Bayes theorem as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Gunnar Taraldsen , Bo H. Lindqvist

We define a probabilistic programming language for Gaussian random variables with a first-class exact conditioning construct. We give operational, denotational and equational semantics for this language, establishing convenient properties…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Dario Stein , Sam Staton