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Mutual Information (MI) is a fundamental metric for quantifying dependency between two random variables. When we can access only the samples, but not the underlying distribution functions, we can evaluate MI using sample-based estimators.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Kyungeun Lee , Wonjong Rhee

Recently, developing unified medical image segmentation models gains increasing attention, especially with the advent of the Segment Anything Model (SAM). SAM has shown promising binary segmentation performance in natural domains, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Shuangping Huang , Hao Liang , Qingfeng Wang , Chulong Zhong , Zijian Zhou , Miaojing Shi

Despite the remarkable progress of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in adopting "Thinking-with-Images" capabilities, accurately evaluating the authenticity of their reasoning process remains a critical challenge. Existing benchmarks mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xuchen Li , Xuzhao Li , Renjie Pi , Shiyu Hu , Jian Zhao , Jiahui Gao

Visual outcomes are increasingly central to multimodal large language models, making reliable and fine-grained verification essential for scaling generalist foundation models. In this work, we investigate multimodal meta-verification, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xinchen Zhang , Bowei Liu , Jiale Liu , Chufan Shi , Yizhen Zhang , Junhong Liu , Youliang Zhang , Zhiheng Li , Yujiu Yang , Ling Yang

Encoding and decoding models are widely used in systems, cognitive, and computational neuroscience to make sense of brain-activity data. However, the interpretation of their results requires care. Decoding models can help reveal whether…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-29 Nikolaus Kriegeskorte , Pamela K. Douglas

Text contained in an image carries high-level semantics that can be exploited to achieve richer image understanding. In particular, the mere presence of text provides strong guiding content that should be employed to tackle a diversity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Andres Mafla , Sounak Dey , Ali Furkan Biten , Lluis Gomez , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Establishing a clear link between model predictions and the visual evidence that supports them is critical for transparency and reliability in multimodal reasoning, yet current multimodal large language model (MLLM) evaluations do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mozhgan Nasr Azadani , Yimu Wang , Yongpeng Zhu , Lihong Chen , Milan Ganai , Sean Sedwards , Marco Pavone , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Traditional single-modality sensing faces limitations in accuracy and capability, and its decoupled implementation with communication systems increases latency in bandwidth-constrained environments. Additionally, single-task-oriented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yubo Peng , Luping Xiang , Kun Yang , Feibo Jiang , Kezhi Wang , Dapeng Oliver Wu

Recent progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled step-by-step multi-modal mathematical reasoning by performing visual operations based on the textual instructions. A promising approach uses code as an intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiaoyuan Li , Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Rui Men , Yichang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Dayiheng Liu

Multi-view learning has become a popular research topic in recent years, but research on the cross-application of classic multi-label classification and multi-view learning is still in its early stages. In this paper, we focus on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Chengliang Liu , Jie Wen , Yabo Liu , Chao Huang , Zhihao Wu , Xiaoling Luo , Yong Xu

Multimodal reasoning models often produce fluent answers supported by seemingly coherent rationales. Existing benchmarks evaluate only final-answer correctness. They do not support atomic visual entailment verification of intermediate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Saleem Ahmed , Srirangaraj Setlur , Venu Govindaraju

Every day, the human brain processes an immense volume of visual information, relying on intricate neural mechanisms to perceive and interpret these stimuli. Recent breakthroughs in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have enabled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Matteo Ferrante , Furkan Ozcelik , Tommaso Boccato , Rufin VanRullen , Nicola Toschi

Text-to-image generation has greatly advanced content creation, yet accurately rendering visual text remains a key challenge due to blurred glyphs, semantic drift, and limited style control. Existing methods often rely on pre-rendered glyph…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yuanrui Wang , Cong Han , Yafei Li , Zhipeng Jin , Xiawei Li , SiNan Du , Wen Tao , Yi Yang , Shuanglong Li , Chun Yuan , Liu Lin

When answering questions about an image, it not only needs knowing what -- understanding the fine-grained contents (e.g., objects, relationships) in the image, but also telling why -- reasoning over grounding visual cues to derive the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jianwei Yang , Jiayuan Mao , Jiajun Wu , Devi Parikh , David D. Cox , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

Deep learning motivated by convolutional neural networks has been highly successful in a range of medical imaging problems like image classification, image segmentation, image synthesis etc. However for validation and interpretability, not…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-19 Abhinav Sagar

Accurately assessing image complexity (IC) is critical for computer vision, yet most existing methods rely solely on visual features and often neglect high-level semantic information, limiting their accuracy and generalization. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shipeng Liu , Zhonglin Zhang , Dengfeng Chen , Liang Zhao

Understanding the function of individual units in a neural network is an important building block for mechanistic interpretability. This is often done by generating a simple text explanation of the behavior of individual neurons or units.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Tuomas Oikarinen , Ge Yan , Tsui-Wei Weng

Document images are a ubiquitous source of data where the text is organized in a complex hierarchical structure ranging from fine granularity (e.g., words), medium granularity (e.g., regions such as paragraphs or figures), to coarse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Zilong Wang , Jiuxiang Gu , Chris Tensmeyer , Nikolaos Barmpalios , Ani Nenkova , Tong Sun , Jingbo Shang , Vlad I. Morariu

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) provides accurate estimates of the brain's structural organization and learning invariant brain representations from sMRI is an enduring issue in neuroscience. Previous deep representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ning Jiang , Gongshu Wang , Tianyi Yan

Multimodal summarization aims to generate a concise summary based on the input text and image. However, the existing methods potentially suffer from unfactual output. To evaluate the factuality of multimodal summarization models, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yue Zhang , Jingxuan Zuo , Ke Su , Liqiang Jing
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