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This review examines the rapidly evolving landscape of ultra-low-power edge processors, covering heterogeneous Systems-on-Chips (SoCs), neural accelerators, near-sensor and in-sensor architectures, and emerging dataflow and memory-centric…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Luigi Capogrosso , Pietro Bonazzi , Michele Magno

General matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a fundamental operation in machine learning (ML) applications. We present the first comprehensive performance acceleration of GEMM workloads on AMD's second-generation AIE-ML (AIE2)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Kaustubh Mhatre , Endri Taka , Aman Arora

High Performance Computing (HPC) platforms allow scientists to model computationally intensive algorithms. HPC clusters increasingly use General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) as accelerators; FPGAs provide an attractive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-04-20 Syed Waqar Nabi , Saji N. Hameed , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are emerging to reduce data movement in data-intensive applications. These architectures seek to exploit the same physical devices for both information storage and logic, thereby dwarfing the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Orian Leitersdorf , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Electronic-photonic computing systems offer immense potential in energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) acceleration tasks due to the superior computing speed and efficiency of optics, especially for real-time, low-energy deep neural…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Meng Zhang , Dennis Yin , Nicholas Gangi , Amir Begović , Alexander Chen , Zhaoran Rena Huang , Jiaqi Gu

There is an increasing need to bring machine learning to a wide diversity of hardware devices. Current frameworks rely on vendor-specific operator libraries and optimize for a narrow range of server-class GPUs. Deploying workloads to new…

Deep learning frameworks commonly implement convolution operators with GEMM-based algorithms. In these algorithms, convolution is implemented on top of matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) functions, provided by highly optimized BLAS…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Marat Dukhan

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate promising accuracy in a wide range of applications. Among all layers in CNNs, convolution layers are the most computation-intensive and consume the most energy. As the maturity of device and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Sho Ko , Yun Joon Soh , Jishen Zhao

This paper introduces a novel convolution method, called generative convolution (GConv), which is simple yet effective for improving the generative adversarial network (GAN) performance. Unlike the standard convolution, GConv first selects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Seung Park , Yong-Goo Shin

Deep learning based superresolution achieves high-quality results, but its heavy computational workload, large buffer, and high external memory bandwidth inhibit its usage in mobile devices. To solve the above issues, this paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-10 An-Jung Huang , Kai-Chieh Hsu , Tian-Sheuan Chang

As convolution has empowered many smart applications, dynamic convolution further equips it with the ability to adapt to diverse inputs. However, the static and dynamic convolutions are either layout-agnostic or computation-heavy, making it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jierun Chen , Tianlang He , Weipeng Zhuo , Li Ma , Sangtae Ha , S. -H. Gary Chan

Modern transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are constructed with a series of decoder blocks. Each block comprises three key components: (1) QKV generation, (2) multi-head attention, and (3) feed-forward networks. In batched…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Guseul Heo , Sangyeop Lee , Jaehong Cho , Hyunmin Choi , Sanghyeon Lee , Hyungkyu Ham , Gwangsun Kim , Divya Mahajan , Jongse Park

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various application domains, but their enormous sizes and computational demands pose significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. To…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kai Zhang , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

The separation of the data capture and analysis in modern vision systems has led to a massive amount of data transfer between the end devices and cloud computers, resulting in long latency, slow response, and high power consumption.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-13 Ruibing Song , Kejie Huang , Zongsheng Wang , Haibin Shen

Transformer-based speech enhancement models yield impressive results. However, their heterogeneous and complex structure restricts model compression potential, resulting in greater complexity and reduced hardware efficiency. Additionally,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Ci-Hao Wu , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Convolution is a compute-intensive operation placed at the heart of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). It has led to the development of many high-performance algorithms, such as Im2col-GEMM, Winograd, and Direct-Convolution. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Lucas Alvarenga , Victor Ferrari , Rafael Souza , Marcio Pereira , Guido Araujo

Computation intensive kernels, such as convolutions, matrix multiplication and Fourier transform, are fundamental to edge-computing AI, signal processing and cryptographic applications. Interleaved-Multi-Threading (IMT) processor cores are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Abdallah Cheikh , Stefano Sordillo , Antonio Mastrandrea , Francesco Menichelli , Giuseppe Scotti , Mauro Olivieri

Computational complexity and storage requirements are crucial factors influencing the performance and efficiency of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in resource-constrained environments. This paper presents a high-performance embedded…

The performance of AI accelerators is increasingly limited by data movement, memory access, and orchestration overheads rather than raw compute capability. This paper presents MAVeC, a messaging-based adaptive vector computing accelerator…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Md. Rownak Hossain Chowdhury , Mostafizur Rahman

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as one of the most successful machine learning technologies for image and video processing. The most computationally intensive parts of CNNs are the convolutional layers, which convolve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Aravind Vasudevan , Andrew Anderson , David Gregg
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