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For every $n\in\mathbb N$ we construct a finite graph $G$ such that every orientation $\vec G$ of $G$ contains an isometric copy of any oriented tree on $n$ vertices, and evaluate the smallest possible cardinality of $G$. On the other hand,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-01 Taras Banakh , Adam Idzik , Oleg Pikhurko , Igor Protasov , Krzysztof Pszczoła

A cohomology theory of root systems emerges naturally in the context of Automorphic Lie Algebras, where it helps formulating some structure theory questions. In particular, one can find concrete models for an Automorphic Lie Algebra by…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-02-24 Vincent Knibbeler , Sara Lombardo , Jan A. Sanders

We study isometric actions of tree automorphism groups on the infinite-dimensional hyperbolic spaces. On the one hand, we exhibit a general one-parameter family of such representations and analyse the corresponding equivariant embeddings of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-10 M. Burger , A. Iozzi , N. Monod

We prove a general result about the decomposition on ergodic components of group actions on boundaries of spherically homogeneous rooted trees. Namely, we identify the space of ergodic components with the boundary of the orbit tree…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-19 Rostislav Grigorchuk , Dmytro Savchuk

We consider the space of embeddings of finitely many circles that bound disks in non-positively curved surfaces. We index the connected components of this space with finite rooted trees and show that the connected components are classifying…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Ryan C. Gelnett

It is well known that the coefficients of the matching polynomial are unimodal. Unimodality of the coefficients (or their absolute values) of other graph polynomials have been studied as well. One way to prove unimodality is to prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Johann A. Makowsky , Vsevolod Rakita

We classify compact manifolds of dimension three equipped with a path structure and a fixed contact form (which we refer to as a strict path structure) under the hypothesis that their automorphism group is non-compact. We use a Cartan…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-03-09 Elisha Falbel , Martin Mion-Mouton , Jose Miguel Veloso

We consider unimodular random rooted trees (URTs) and invariant forests in Cayley graphs. We show that URTs of bounded degree are the same as the law of the component of the root in an invariant percolation on a regular tree. We use this to…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Itai Benjamini , Russell Lyons , Oded Schramm

A treedepth decomposition of an undirected graph $G$ is a rooted forest $F$ on the vertex set of $G$ such that every edge $uv\in E(G)$ is in ancestor-descendant relationship in $F$. Given a weight function $w\colon V(G)\rightarrow…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jona Dirks , Nicole Schirrmacher , Sebastian Siebertz , Alexandre Vigny

We address several specific aspects of the following general question: can a field K have so many automorphisms that the action of the automorphism group on the elements of K has relatively few orbits? We prove that any field which has only…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kiran S. Kedlaya , Bjorn Poonen

We investigate relations between the pseudo-orbit-tracing property, topological stability and openness for tree-shifts. We prove that a tree-shift is of finite type if and only if it has the pseudo-orbit-tracing property which implies that…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-03-08 Dawid Bucki

We prove that if a graph has a tree-decomposition of width at most w, then it has a tree-decomposition of width at most w with certain desirable properties. We will use this result in a subsequent paper to show that every 2-connected graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-17 Thanh N. Dang , Robin Thomas

We show that every connected graph can be approximated by a normal tree, up to some arbitrarily small error phrased in terms of neighbourhoods around its ends. The existence of such approximate normal trees has consequences of both…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-05 Jan Kurkofka , Ruben Melcher , Max Pitz

This paper studies infinite graphs produced from a natural unfolding operation applied to finite graphs. Graphs produced via such operations are of finite degree and automatic over the unary alphabet (that is, they can be described by…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-09-22 Bakhadyr Khoussainov , Jiamou Liu , Mia Minnes

We study the topology of compact manifolds with a Lie group action for which there are only finitely many non-principal orbits, and describe the possible orbit spaces which can occur. If some non-principal orbit is singular, we show that…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-06-20 Stefan Bechtluft-Sachs , David J. Wraith

The Rooted Maps Theory, a branch of the Theory of Homology, is shown to be a powerful tool for investigating the topological properties of Feynman diagrams, related to the single particle propagator in the quantum many-body systems. The…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-07-13 A. Prunotto , W. M. Alberico , P. Czerski

The {\sc Directed Maximum Leaf Out-Branching} problem is to find an out-branching (i.e. a rooted oriented spanning tree) in a given digraph with the maximum number of leaves. In this paper, we obtain two combinatorial results on the number…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-03-06 N Alon , F. V. Fomin , G. Gutin , M. Krivelevich , S. Saurabh

We introduce a class of automorphisms of rooted $d$-regular trees arising from affine actions on their boundaries viewed as infinite dimensional vector spaces. This class includes, in particular, many examples of self-similar realizations…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-29 Dmytro M. Savchuk , Said N. Sidki

It is known that all but finitely many leaves of a measured foliated 2-complex of thin type are quasi-isometric to an infinite tree with at most two topological ends. We show that if the foliation is cooriented, and the associated R-tree is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Ivan Dynnikov , Alexandra Skripchenko

The Rooted Maximum Leaf Outbranching problem consists in finding a spanning directed tree rooted at some prescribed vertex of a digraph with the maximum number of leaves. Its parameterized version asks if there exists such a tree with at…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-04-20 Jean Daligault , Stephan Thomasse