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This paper uses and recycles data from a third-party digital marketing firm, to explore how targeted ads contribute to larger systems of racial discrimination. Focusing on a case study of targeted ads for educational searches in New York…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Ho-Chun Herbert Chang , Matt Bui , Charlton McIlwain

Generative search engines are reshaping information access by replacing traditional ranked lists with synthesized answers and references. In parallel, with the growth of Web3 platforms, incentive-driven creator ecosystems have become an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shayan Alipour , Mehdi Kargar , Morteza Zihayat

The California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) was a ballot initiative that revised the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Although often framed as expanding and enhancing privacy rights, a close analysis of textual revisions -- both changes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jan Charatan , Eleanor Birrell

This study examines inconsistencies in the brand safety classifications of online news articles by analyzing ratings from three leading brand safety providers, DoubleVerify, Integral Ad Science, and Oracle. We focus on news content because…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Michael Smith , Riley Grossman , Antonio Torres-Aguero , Pritam Sen , Cristian Borcea , Yi Chen

Alarmist and sensationalist statements about the "explosion" of online child sexual exploitation or CSE dominate much of the public discourse about the topic. Based on a new dataset collecting the transparency disclosures for 16 US-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Robert Grimm

Direct buy advertisers procure advertising inventory at fixed rates from publishers and ad networks. Such advertisers face the complex task of choosing ads amongst myriad new publisher sites. We offer evidence that advertisers do not excel…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-04 Carl F. Mela , Jason M. T. Roos , Tulio Sousa

Recent studies have shown that information mined from Craigslist can be used for informing public health policy or monitoring risk behavior. This paper presents a text-mining method for conducting public health surveillance of marijuana use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-12-30 Anh Nguyen , Long Nguyen , Dong Nguyen , Uyen Le , Tuan Tran

New consent management platforms (CMPs) have been introduced to the web to conform with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, particularly its requirements for consent when companies collect and process users' personal data. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Midas Nouwens , Ilaria Liccardi , Michael Veale , David Karger , Lalana Kagal

Websites employ third-party ads and tracking services leveraging cookies and JavaScript code, to deliver ads and track users' behavior, causing privacy concerns. To limit online tracking and block advertisements, several ad-blocking (black)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Saad Sajid Hashmi , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Monitoring advertising around controversial issues is an important step in ensuring accountability and transparency of political processes. To that end, we use the Facebook Ads Library to collect 2312 migration-related advertising campaigns…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Arthur Capozzi , Gianmarco De Francisci Morales , Yelena Mejova , Corrado Monti , André Panisson , Daniela Paolotti

Web search queries concern place far more often than existing labelling schemes suggest, yet the landscape of geospatial web search queries - what people ask of place, and how often - remains poorly characterised at scale. We apply dense…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ilya Ilyankou , Stefano Cavazzi , James Haworth

In light of Phillips' contention regarding the impracticality of Search Neutrality, asserting that non-epistemic factors presently dictate result prioritization, our objective in this study is to confront this constraint by questioning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Shiran Dudy

Female breast cancer (FBC) incidence rate (IR) varies greatly by counties across the United States (US). Factors responsible for such high spatial disparities are not well understood, making it challenging to design effective intervention…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-19 Tingting Zhao , Qing Han , Jinfeng Zhang

Over the past few years, the European Commission has made significant steps to reduce disinformation in cyberspace. One of those steps has been the introduction of the 2022 "Strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation". Signed by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Emmanouil Papadogiannakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nicolas Kourtellis , Evangelos P. Markatos

Search engines could consistently favor certain values over the others, which is considered as biased due to the built-in infrastructures. Many studies have been dedicated to detect, control, and mitigate the impacts of the biases from the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Bin Han , Chirag Shah , Daniel Saelid

Ad platforms such as Facebook, Google and LinkedIn promise value for advertisers through their targeted advertising. However, multiple studies have shown that ad delivery on such platforms can be skewed by gender or race due to hidden…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Basileal Imana , Aleksandra Korolova , John Heidemann

Google's Ad Settings shows the gender and age that Google has inferred about a web user. We compare the inferred values to the self-reported values of 501 survey participants. We find that Google often does not show an inference, but when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Michael Carl Tschantz , Serge Egelman , Jaeyoung Choi , Nicholas Weaver , Gerald Friedland

Do online platforms facilitate the consumption of potentially harmful content? Using paired behavioral and survey data provided by participants recruited from a representative sample in 2020 (n=1,181), we show that exposure to alternative…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Annie Y. Chen , Brendan Nyhan , Jason Reifler , Ronald E. Robertson , Christo Wilson

Despite a growing desire among consumers to shop responsibly, translating this intention into behaviour remains challenging. Previous work has identified that information seeking (or lack thereof) is a contributing factor to this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Frans van der Sluis , Leif Azzopardi

Retargeting ads are increasingly prevalent on the Internet as their effectiveness has been shown to outperform conventional targeted ads. Retargeting ads are not only based on users' interests, but also on their intents, i.e. commercial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-18 Minh-Dung Tran , Gergely Acs , Claude Castelluccia
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