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Fine-tuning pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential to align them with human values and intentions. This process often utilizes methods like pairwise comparisons and KL divergence against a reference LLM, focusing on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yongcheng Zeng , Guoqing Liu , Weiyu Ma , Ning Yang , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Effective conversational agents like large language models (LLMs) must personalize their interactions to adapt to user preferences, personalities, and attributes across diverse domains like education and healthcare. Current methods like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yanming Wan , Jiaxing Wu , Marwa Abdulhai , Lior Shani , Natasha Jaques

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising route to parallel and efficient text generation, but improving their reasoning ability requires effective post-training. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zichao Yu , Shengze Xu , Bingqing Jiang , Wenyi Zhang , Difan Zou

Reactive synthesis from high-level specifications that combine hard constraints expressed in Linear Temporal Logic LTL with soft constraints expressed by discounted-sum (DS) rewards has applications in planning and reinforcement learning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Suguman Bansal , Lydia Kavraki , Moshe Y. Vardi , Andrew Wells

In this paper, we propose reverse inference optimization (RIO), a simple and effective method designed to enhance the robustness of autoregressive-model-based zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) systems using reinforcement learning from human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yuchen Hu , Chen Chen , Siyin Wang , Eng Siong Chng , Chao Zhang

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning from human feedback have shown that utilizing fine-grained token-level reward models can substantially enhance the performance of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) in aligning large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Mingkang Zhu , Xi Chen , Zhongdao Wang , Bei Yu , Hengshuang Zhao , Jiaya Jia

Recent research has shown that fine-tuning diffusion models (DMs) with arbitrary rewards, including non-differentiable ones, is feasible with reinforcement learning (RL) techniques, enabling flexible model alignment. However, applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zhiwei Jia , Yuesong Nan , Huixi Zhao , Gengdai Liu

Designing reward functions is a longstanding challenge in reinforcement learning (RL); it requires specialized knowledge or domain data, leading to high costs for development. To address this, we introduce Text2Reward, a data-free framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Tianbao Xie , Siheng Zhao , Chen Henry Wu , Yitao Liu , Qian Luo , Victor Zhong , Yanchao Yang , Tao Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully automated the complex process of mining formulaic alpha factors, for creating interpretable and profitable investment strategies. However, existing methods are hampered by the sparse rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Junjie Zhao , Chengxi Zhang , Chenkai Wang , Peng Yang

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) have enabled models to clone arbitrary unseen speakers and synthesize high-quality, natural-sounding speech. However, evaluation methods lag behind: typical mean opinion score (MOS) estimators perform…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Guansu Wang , Peijie Sun

This paper investigates Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in long-horizon, multi-turn scenarios. Although RL algorithms such as Group Relative Policy…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing reward formulations typically treat exploration and consolidation as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wenze Lin , Zhen Yang , Xitai Jiang , Xiaoteng Ma , Gao Huang

Diffusion-based text-to-speech (TTS) systems have made remarkable progress in zero-shot speech synthesis, yet optimizing all components for perceptual metrics remains challenging. Prior work with DMOSpeech demonstrated direct metric…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Yinghao Aaron Li , Xilin Jiang , Fei Tao , Cheng Niu , Kaifeng Xu , Juntong Song , Nima Mesgarani

Traditional RLHF-based LLM alignment methods explicitly maximize the expected rewards from a separate reward model. More recent supervised alignment methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) circumvent this phase to avoid problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Abhijnan Nath , Changsoo Jung , Ethan Seefried , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Self-Rewarding Language Models propose an architecture in which the Large Language Models(LLMs) both generates responses and evaluates its own outputs via LLM-as-a-Judge prompting, dynamically improving its generative capabilities through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yidong Wang , Xin Wang , Cunxiang Wang , Junfeng Fang , Qiufeng Wang , Jianing Chu , Xuran Meng , Shuxun Yang , Libo Qin , Yue Zhang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Vision--language models (VLMs) are increasingly aligned via Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO)-style training. However, relying solely on terminal outcome rewards yields sparse credit assignment in multi-step reasoning, weakening the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Feiding , Yongkang Zhang , Yuhao Liao , Zijian Zeng , Chunzheng Zhu , Yaozong Zheng , Yafei Liu , Yeling Peng , Youwei Wang , Sibo Wang , Huiming Yang , Linglin Liao , Shunzhi Yang

We present F5R-TTS, a novel text-to-speech (TTS) system that integrates Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) into a flow-matching based architecture. By reformulating the deterministic outputs of flow-matching TTS into probabilistic…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xiaohui Sun , Ruitong Xiao , Jianye Mo , Bowen Wu , Qun Yu , Baoxun Wang

Parallel text-to-speech (TTS) models have recently enabled fast and highly-natural speech synthesis. However, they typically require external alignment models, which are not necessarily optimized for the decoder as they are not jointly…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Bac Nguyen , Fabien Cardinaux , Stefan Uhlich

Although neural text-to-speech (TTS) models have attracted a lot of attention and succeeded in generating human-like speech, there is still room for improvements to its naturalness and architectural efficiency. In this work, we propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Myeonghun Jeong , Hyeongju Kim , Sung Jun Cheon , Byoung Jin Choi , Nam Soo Kim

Multi-turn tool-integrated reasoning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks through iterative information retrieval. However, current reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks for search-augmented reasoning predominantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shichao Ma , Zhiyuan Ma , Ming Yang , Xiaofan Li , Xing Wu , Jintao Du , Yu Cheng , Weiqiang Wang , Qiliang Liu , Zhengyang Zhou , Yang Wang