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The boundary discontinuity (BD) design is a non-experimental method for identifying causal effects that exploits a thresholding rule based on a bivariate score and a boundary curve. This widely used method generalizes the univariate…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-16 Matias D. Cattaneo , Rocio Titiunik , Ruiqi Rae Yu

Decision theory does not traditionally include uncertainty over utility functions. We argue that the a person's utility value for a given outcome can be treated as we treat other domain attributes: as a random variable with a density…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Urszula Chajewska , Daphne Koller

Standard regression discontinuity design (RDD) models rely on the continuity of expected potential outcomes at the cutoff. The standard continuity assumption can be violated by strategic manipulation of the running variable, which is…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-18 Rahul Singh , Moses Stewart

Within Bayesian nonparametrics, dependent Dirichlet process mixture models provide a highly flexible approach for conducting inference about the conditional density function. However, several formulations of this class make either rather…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-14 María Xosé Rodríguez-Álvarez , Vanda Inácio , Nadja Klein

The density ratio is an important metric for evaluating the relative likelihood of two probability distributions, with extensive applications in statistics and machine learning. However, existing estimation theories for density ratios often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-03 Shuntuo Xu , Zhou Yu , Jian Huang

The Regression Discontinuity (RD) design is a quasi-experimental design which emulates a randomised study by exploiting situations where treatment is assigned according to a continuous variable as is common in many drug treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-28 Sara Geneletti , Federico Ricciardi , Aidan O'Keeffe , Gianluca Baio

This paper introduces a novel decentralized implementation of a continuification-based strategy to control the density of large-scale multi-agent systems on the unit circle. While continuification methods effectively address micro-to-macro…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Beniamino Di Lorenzo , Gian Carlo Maffettone , Mario di Bernardo

In the regression discontinuity design (RDD), it is common practice to assess the credibility of the design by testing the continuity of the density of the running variable at the cut-off, e.g., McCrary (2008). In this paper we propose an…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-02-13 Federico A. Bugni , Ivan A. Canay

Empirical studies using Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs often explore heterogeneous treatment effects based on pretreatment covariates, even though no formal statistical methods exist for such analyses. This has led to the widespread…

We propose a novel deep symbolic regression approach to enhance the robustness and interpretability of data-driven mathematical expression discovery. Our work is aligned with the popular DSR framework which focuses on learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zachary Bastiani , Robert M. Kirby , Jacob Hochhalter , Shandian Zhe

In generalized regression models the effect of continuous covariates is commonly assumed to be linear. This assumption, however, may be too restrictive in applications and may lead to biased effect estimates and decreased predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-01 Nikolai Spuck , Matthias Schmid , Moritz Berger

We study regression discontinuity designs when covariates are included in the estimation. We examine local polynomial estimators that include discrete or continuous covariates in an additive separable way, but without imposing any…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-07-02 Sebastian Calonico , Matias D. Cattaneo , Max H. Farrell , Rocio Titiunik

Density ratio estimation in high dimensions can be reframed as integrating a certain quantity, the time score, over probability paths which interpolate between the two densities. In practice, the time score has to be estimated based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Hanlin Yu , Arto Klami , Aapo Hyvärinen , Anna Korba , Omar Chehab

Statistical agencies and other institutions collect data under the promise to protect the confidentiality of respondents. When releasing microdata samples, the risk that records can be identified must be assessed. To this aim, a widely…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-03 Cinzia Carota , Maurizio Filippone , Roberto Leombruni , Silvia Polettini

Change-plane regression identifies subpopulations through an interpretable linear threshold rule, but likelihood-based inference for the hard-threshold boundary is nonregular: objectives are non-smooth, the boundary is weakly identified…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Yuki Ohnishi , Fan Li

Standard linear modeling approaches make potentially simplistic assumptions regarding the structure of categorical effects that may obfuscate more complex relationships governing data. For example, recent work focused on the two-way…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-05 Thomas A. Metzger , Christopher T. Franck

We develop a new framework for evaluating the total policy effect in regression discontinuity designs (RDD), incorporating both the direct effect of treatment on outcomes and the indirect effect arising from distortions in the running…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-01 Moyu Liao

Policy gradient methods are a vital ingredient behind the success of modern reinforcement learning. Modern policy gradient methods, although successful, introduce a residual error in gradient estimation. In this work, we argue that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Pulkit Katdare , Anant Joshi , Katherine Driggs-Campbell

Regression discontinuity (RD) designs are popular quasi-experimental studies in which treatment assignment depends on whether the value of a running variable exceeds a cutoff. RD designs are increasingly popular in educational applications…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-23 Daryl Swartzentruber , Eloise Kaizar

Regression discontinuity design (RDD) is widely adopted for causal inference under intervention determined by a continuous variable. While one is interested in treatment effect heterogeneity by subgroups in many applications, RDD typically…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-11 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Takuya Ishihara , Daisuke Kurisu