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In this paper, we study certifying the robustness of ReLU neural networks against adversarial input perturbations. To diminish the relaxation error suffered by the popular linear programming (LP) and semidefinite programming (SDP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Brendon G. Anderson , Ziye Ma , Jingqi Li , Somayeh Sojoudi

Most work on the formal verification of neural networks has focused on bounding the set of outputs that correspond to a given set of inputs (for example, bounded perturbations of a nominal input). However, many use cases of neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Suhas Kotha , Christopher Brix , Zico Kolter , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Huan Zhang

We propose and investigate probabilistic guarantees for the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms. While traditional formal verification approaches for robustness are intractable and sampling-based approaches do not provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Peter Blohm , Patrick Indri , Thomas Gärtner , Sagar Malhotra

Neural networks achieve strong empirical performance, but robustness concerns still hinder deployment in safety-critical applications. Formal verification provides robustness guarantees, but current methods face a scalability-completeness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wenting Li , Saif R. Kazi , Russell Bent , Duo Zhou , Huan Zhang

We present a data-driven approach to the quantitative verification of probabilistic programs and stochastic dynamical models. Our approach leverages neural networks to compute tight and sound bounds for the probability that a stochastic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Alessandro Abate , Alec Edwards , Mirco Giacobbe , Hashan Punchihewa , Diptarko Roy

We propose a framework for sensitivity analysis of linear programs (LPs) in minimization form, allowing for simultaneous perturbations in the objective coefficients and right-hand sides, where the perturbations are modeled in a compact,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-10 Guanglin Xu , Samuel Burer

It is imperative to ensure the stability of every prediction made by a language model; that is, a language's prediction should remain consistent despite minor input variations, like word substitutions. In this paper, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Qian Lou , Xin Liang , Jiaqi Xue , Yancheng Zhang , Rui Xie , Mengxin Zheng

State-of-the-art techniques for enhancing robustness of deep networks mostly rely on empirical risk minimization with suitable data augmentation. In this paper, we propose a complementary approach motivated by communication theory, aimed at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Bhagyashree Puranik , Ahmad Beirami , Yao Qin , Upamanyu Madhow

In this paper, we consider the problem of certifying the robustness of neural networks to perturbed and adversarial input data. Such certification is imperative for the application of neural networks in safety-critical decision-making and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Brendon G. Anderson , Ziye Ma , Jingqi Li , Somayeh Sojoudi

Many neural network (NN) verification systems represent the network's input-output relation as a constraint program. Sound and complete, representations involve integer constraints, for simulating the activations. Recent works convexly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Merkouris Papamichail , Konstantinos Varsos , Giorgos Flouris , João Marques-Silva

Verifying robustness of neural networks given a specified threat model is a fundamental yet challenging task. While current verification methods mainly focus on the $\ell_p$-norm threat model of the input instances, robustness verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Jeet Mohapatra , Tsui-Wei , Weng , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu , Luca Daniel

This paper addresses the problem of formally verifying desirable properties of neural networks, i.e., obtaining provable guarantees that neural networks satisfy specifications relating their inputs and outputs (robustness to bounded norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Krishnamurthy , Dvijotham , Robert Stanforth , Sven Gowal , Timothy Mann , Pushmeet Kohli

The problem of probabilistic verification of a neural network investigates the probability of satisfying the safe constraints in the output space when the input is given by a probability distribution. It is significant to answer this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jingyang Li , Xin Chen , Hongfei Fu , Guoqiang Li

Neural network verification aims at providing formal guarantees on the output of trained neural networks, to ensure their robustness against adversarial examples and enable their deployment in safety-critical applications. This paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Haoruo Zhao , Hassan Hijazi , Haydn Jones , Juston Moore , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Recent works have shown that interval bound propagation (IBP) can be used to train verifiably robust neural networks. Reseachers observe an intriguing phenomenon on these IBP trained networks: CROWN, a bounding method based on tight linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Zhaoyang Lyu , Minghao Guo , Tong Wu , Guodong Xu , Kehuan Zhang , Dahua Lin

Methods to certify the robustness of neural networks in the presence of input uncertainty are vital in safety-critical settings. Most certification methods in the literature are designed for adversarial or worst-case inputs, but researchers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Brendon G. Anderson , Somayeh Sojoudi

Probe-level models have led to improved performance in microarray studies but the various sources of probe-level contamination are still poorly understood. Data-driven analysis of probe performance can be used to quantify the uncertainty in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2013-04-09 Leo Lahti , Laura L. Elo , Tero Aittokallio , Samuel Kaski

Probabilistic verification problems of neural networks are concerned with formally analysing the output distribution of a neural network under a probability distribution of the inputs. Examples of probabilistic verification problems include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 David Boetius , Stefan Leue , Tobias Sutter

As robustness verification methods are becoming more precise, training certifiably robust neural networks is becoming ever more relevant. To this end, certified training methods compute and then optimize an upper bound on the worst-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yuhao Mao , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Verifying the robustness property of a general Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) network is an NP-complete problem [Katz, Barrett, Dill, Julian and Kochenderfer CAV17]. Although finding the exact minimum adversarial distortion is hard, giving a…