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Simulated environments are a key piece in the success of Reinforcement Learning (RL), allowing practitioners and researchers to train decision making agents without running expensive experiments on real hardware. Simulators remain a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ethan Rathbun , Wo Wei Lin , Alina Oprea , Christopher Amato

Backdoor attacks can cause reinforcement learning (RL) policies to behave normally under clean inputs while executing malicious behaviors when triggers are present. Existing RL backdoor attacks are primarily studied in simulation and often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tairan Huang , Qingqing Ye , Yulin Jin , Jiawei Lian , Yaxin Xiao , Yi Wang , Haibo Hu

Increasing traffic demands, higher levels of automation, and communication enhancements provide novel design opportunities for future air traffic controllers (ATCs). This article presents a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Lei Wang , Hongyu Yang , Yi Lin , Suwan Yin , Yuankai Wu

We study the corruption-robustness of in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL), focusing on the Decision-Pretrained Transformer (DPT, Lee et al., 2023). To address the challenge of reward poisoning attacks targeting the DPT, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Paulius Sasnauskas , Yiğit Yalın , Goran Radanović

This paper explores a new cyber-attack vector targeting Industrial Control Systems (ICS), particularly focusing on water treatment facilities. Developing a new multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approach, adversaries craft…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Aryan Pasikhani , Prosanta Gope , Yang Yang , Shagufta Mehnaz , Biplab Sikdar

The advances in deep learning (DL) techniques have the potential to deliver transformative technological breakthroughs to numerous complex tasks in modern power systems that suffer from increasing uncertainty and nonlinearity. However, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Jianing Bai , Ren Wang , Zuyi Li

Recent work has shown that the introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in traffic could help reduce traffic jams. Deep reinforcement learning methods demonstrate good performance in complex control problems, including autonomous vehicle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Yue Wang , Esha Sarkar , Wenqing Li , Michail Maniatakos , Saif Eddin Jabari

Deep learning models have achieved high performance on many tasks, and thus have been applied to many security-critical scenarios. For example, deep learning-based face recognition systems have been used to authenticate users to access many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Xinyun Chen , Chang Liu , Bo Li , Kimberly Lu , Dawn Song

We study reward poisoning attacks on online deep reinforcement learning (DRL), where the attacker is oblivious to the learning algorithm used by the agent and the dynamics of the environment. We demonstrate the intrinsic vulnerability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Yinglun Xu , Qi Zeng , Gagandeep Singh

The scale of Internet-connected systems has increased considerably, and these systems are being exposed to cyber attacks more than ever. The complexity and dynamics of cyber attacks require protecting mechanisms to be responsive, adaptive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Vijay Janapa Reddi

Deep learning is becoming increasingly popular in real-life applications, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Users often choose training outsourcing or adopt third-party data and models due to data and computation resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Xuan Sheng , Zhaoyang Han , Piji Li , Xiangmao Chang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) provide excellent performance across a wide range of classification tasks, but their training requires high computational resources and is often outsourced to third parties. Recent work has shown that outsourced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Kang Liu , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg

Deep learning models have consistently outperformed traditional machine learning models in various classification tasks, including image classification. As such, they have become increasingly prevalent in many real world applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Cong Liao , Haoti Zhong , Anna Squicciarini , Sencun Zhu , David Miller

Recent advances in Trajectory Optimization (TO) models have achieved remarkable success in offline reinforcement learning. However, their vulnerabilities against backdoor attacks are poorly understood. We find that existing backdoor attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yang Dai , Oubo Ma , Longfei Zhang , Xingxing Liang , Xiaochun Cao , Shouling Ji , Jiaheng Zhang , Jincai Huang , Li Shen

Backdoor attacks embed malicious behaviors into Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to trigger harmful outputs or bypass safety controls. However, the persistence of the implanted backdoors under user-driven post-deployment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jing Cui , Yufei Han , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang

Trojan (backdoor) attack is a form of adversarial attack on deep neural networks where the attacker provides victims with a model trained/retrained on malicious data. The backdoor can be activated when a normal input is stamped with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Siyuan Cheng , Yingqi Liu , Shiqing Ma , Xiangyu Zhang

While real-world applications of reinforcement learning are becoming popular, the security and robustness of RL systems are worthy of more attention and exploration. In particular, recent works have revealed that, in a multi-agent RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Junfeng Guo , Ang Li , Cong Liu

Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) aims to ensure policy performance while satisfying safety constraints. However, most existing Safe RL methods assume benign environments, making them vulnerable to adversarial perturbations commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jialiang Fan , Shixiong Jiang , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks have emerged as significant security threats, especially as DNNs are increasingly deployed in security-critical applications. However, most existing works assume that the attacker has access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Jiahao Wang , Xianglong Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Pengfei Hu , Guoming Zhang

While machine learning (ML) models are being increasingly trusted to make decisions in different and varying areas, the safety of systems using such models has become an increasing concern. In particular, ML models are often trained on data…