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We introduce a new approach to modeling uncertainty based on plausibility measures. This approach is easily seen to generalize other approaches to modeling uncertainty, such as probability measures, belief functions, and possibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Nir Friedman , Joseph Y. Halpern

A number of writers(Joseph Halpern and Fahiem Bacchus among them) have offered semantics for formal languages in which inferences concerning probabilities can be made. Our concern is different. This paper provides a formalization of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Henry E. Kyburg

The main result presented in this article is that probability can fundamentally be characterized as a subset of conditional expectation induced by a plausible preorder on random quantities. This is justified by the fact that probability is…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Ladislav Mečíř

Decisions are often based on imprecise, uncertain or vague information. Likewise, the consequences of an action are often equally unpredictable, thus putting the decision maker into a twofold jeopardy. Assuming that the effects of an action…

General Economics · Economics 2022-05-03 Stefan Rass , Sandra König , Stefan Schauer

Goedel's completeness theorem is concerned with provability, while Girard's theorem in ludics (as well as full completeness theorems in game semantics) are concerned with proofs. Our purpose is to look for a connection between these two…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Michele Basaldella , Kazushige Terui

This paper provides a novel metametaphysical approach to quantum indeterminacy. More specifically, it argues that bivalent quantum logic can successfully account for this kind of indeterminacy, given the non-truth-functional character of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Claudio Calosi , Iulian D. Toader

We give an algorithm A which assigns probabilities to logical sentences. For any simple infinite sequence of sentences whose truth-values appear indistinguishable from a biased coin that outputs "true" with probability p, we have that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-10-13 Scott Garrabrant , Siddharth Bhaskar , Abram Demski , Joanna Garrabrant , George Koleszarik , Evan Lloyd

This paper is motivated by the questions of how to give the concept of probability an adequate real-world meaning, and how to explain a certain type of phenomenon that can be found, for instance, in Ellsberg's paradox. It attempts to answer…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-03-25 Russell J. Bowater

The decoherent (consistent) histories formalism has been proposed as a means of eliminating measurements as a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. In this formalism, probabilities can be assigned to any description which satisfies a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Todd A. Brun

Bisimulation is crucial for verifying process equivalence in probabilistic systems. This paper presents a novel logical framework for analyzing bisimulation in probabilistic parameterized systems, namely, infinite families of finite-state…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Chih-Duo Hong , Anthony W. Lin , Philipp Rümmer , Rupak Majumdar

In this paper, the feasibility of using finite totally ordered probability models under Alelinnas's Theory of Probabilistic Logic [Aleliunas, 1988] is investigated. The general form of the probability algebra of these models is derived and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Yang Xiang , Michael P. Beddoes , David L Poole

This paper presents an approach for developing the explanation capabilities of rule-based expert systems managing imprecise and uncertain knowledge. The treatment of uncertainty takes place in the framework of possibility theory where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Henri Farrency , Henri Prade

This work proposes a view of probability as a relative measure rather than an absolute one. To demonstrate this concept, we focus on finite outcome spaces and develop three fundamental axioms that establish requirements for relative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Max Sklar

The language of probability is used to define several different types of conditional statements. There are four principal types: subjunctive, material, existential, and feasibility. Two further types of conditionals are defined using the…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-09-29 Joseph W. Norman

Uncertainty may be taken to characterize inferences, their conclusions, their premises or all three. Under some treatments of uncertainty, the inferences itself is never characterized by uncertainty. We explore both the significance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Henry E. Kyburg

Recent authors have proposed analyzing conditional reasoning through a notion of intervention on a simulation program, and have found a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic of conditionals in this setting. Here we extend this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Duligur Ibeling

Probability-like parameters appearing in some statistical models, and their prior distributions, are reinterpreted through the notion of `circumstance', a term which stands for any piece of knowledge that is useful in assigning a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. G. L. Porta Mana , A. Månsson , G. Björk

We consider the problem of rational uncertainty about unproven mathematical statements, remarked on by G\"odel and others. Using Bayesian-inspired arguments we build a normative model of fair bets under deductive uncertainty which draws…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Andrew MacFie

The process of doing Science in condition of uncertainty is illustrated with a toy experiment in which the inferential and the forecasting aspects are both present. The fundamental aspects of probabilistic reasoning, also relevant in real…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-02-07 Giulio D'Agostini

There are two main approach to probability, one of set-theoretic character where probability is the measure of a set, and another one of linguistic character where probability is the degree of confidence in a proposition. In this work we…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-10-24 Maurizio Negri