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The origins of Uranus and Neptune are not fully understood. Their inclined rotation axes -- obliquities -- suggest that they experienced giant impacts during their formation histories. Simulations modeling their accretion from giant impacts…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-05 Leandro Esteves , André Izidoro , Othon C. Winter

The discovery that many trans-neptunian objects exist in pairs, or binaries, is proving invaluable for shedding light on the formation, evolution and structure of the outer Solar system. Based on recent systematic searches it has been…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergey A. Astakhov , Ernestine A. Lee , David Farrelly

The dynamical evolution of Classical Kuiper Belt Objects (CKBOs) divides into two parts, according to the secular theory of test particle orbits. The first part is a forced oscillation driven by the planets, while the second part is a free…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. I. Chiang

We illuminate dynamical properties of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) in the 3:2 (``Plutino'') and 2:1 (``Twotino'') Neptunian resonances within the model of resonant capture and migration. We analyze a series of numerical integrations, each…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. I. Chiang , A. B. Jordan

The cold classical Kuiper belt objects have low inclinations and eccentricities and are the only Kuiper belt population suspected to have formed in situ. Compared with the dynamically excited populations, which exhibit a broad range of…

The origin of the orbital structure of the cold component of the Kuiper belt is still a hot subject of investigation. Several features of the solar system suggest that the giant planets underwent a phase of global dynamical instability, but…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-28 Rodney Gomes , David Nesvorny , Alessandro Morbidelli , Rogerio Deienno , Erica Nogueira

Many asteroids in the main and trans-Neptunian belts are trapped in mean motion resonances with Jupiter and Neptune, respectively. As a side effect, they experience accidental commensurabilities among themselves. These commensurabilities…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-16 C. de la Fuente Marcos , R. de la Fuente Marcos

The size distribution of TNOs in the Kuiper Belt provides crucial insights into the formation and evolution of the outer Solar System. Recent observational surveys, including OSSOS++, have revealed that dynamically cold and hot TNO…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-26 Chris W. Ormel , Yukun Huang

Modeling the formation of the ice giants Uranus and Neptune is a long-lasting problem in planetary science. Due to gas-drag, collisional damping, and resonant shepherding, the planetary embryos repel the planetesimals away from their reach…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 M. Jakubik , A. Morbidelli , L. Neslusan , R. Brasser

As a byproduct of sub-Neptune formation, planetary embryos with high eccentricity can remain in outer orbits, near 1 au from the star. In this work, we investigate the long-term evolution of systems consisting of close-in sub-Neptunes (SNs)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-12 Yaxing He , Masahiro Ogihara , Kangrou Guo

Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with large perihelion distances ($q > 60$ au) and semi-major axes ($a > 200$ au) provide insights into the early evolution of the solar system and the existence of a hypothetical distant planet. These objects…

[Condensed] We search 0.02 deg^2 for trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with m<=29.2 (diameter ~15 km) using the ACS on HST. Three new objects are discovered, roughly 25 times fewer than expected from extrapolation of the differential sky…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. M. Bernstein , D. E. Trilling , R. L. Allen , M. E. Brown , M. Holman , R. Malhotra

As indicated by their special characteristics, the cold classical Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) formed and survived at 42-47 au. Notably, they show a large fraction of equal-size binaries whose formation is probably related to the accretion of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-29 David Nesvorny , David Vokrouhlicky

The obliquity between a planet's orbital axis and its host star's spin axis provides crucial insights into planetary formation and migration. Planets with scaled semi-major axes ($a/R_\star$) large enough to be unaffected by tidal…

The accumulating, but small, set of large semi-major axis trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) shows an apparent clustering in the orientations of their orbits. This clustering must either be representative of the intrinsic distribution of these…

We present a short review of the impact regime experienced by the terrestrial planets within our own Solar system, describing the three populations of potentially hazardous objects which move on orbits that take them through the inner Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-16 Jonathan Horner , Patryk Sofia Lykawka

By telescopic tracking, we have established that the orbit of the trans-neptunian object (2000 CR$_{105}$) has a perihelion of $\simeq$44 AU, and is thus outside the domain controlled by strong gravitational close encounters with Neptune.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 B. Gladman , M. Holman , T. Grav , J. Kavelaars , P. Nicholson , K. Aksnes , J. -M. Petit

The current dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt was shaped by the orbital evolution of the giant planets, especially Neptune, during the era following planet formation, when the giant planets may have undergone planet-planet scattering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-02-29 Schuyler Wolff , Rebekah I. Dawson , Ruth A. Murray-Clay

Recent Kepler observations revealed an unexpected abundance of "hot" Earth-size to Neptune-size planets in the inner ~0.02-0.2 AU from their parent stars. Another "oddity" of recent observations is the discovery of a hot jupiter planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-07 Sergei Nayakshin