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Let $\Omega(n)$ denote the number of prime factors of $n$. We show that for any bounded $f\colon\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{C}$ one has \[ \frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=1}^N\, f(\Omega(n)+1)=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=1}^N\, f(\Omega(n))+\mathrm{o}_{N\to\infty}(1).…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-16 Florian K. Richter

A new generalisation of Goldbach's conjecture (GGC) - also generalising that of Lemoine - is tested, introduced by the first author. It states that for every pair of positive integers $m_1, m_2$, every sufficiently large integer $n$…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Zsófia Juhász , Máté Bartalos , Péter Magyar , Gábor Farkas

The Index Conjecture in zero-sum theory states that when $n$ is coprime to $6$ and $k$ equals $4$, every minimal zero-sum sequence of length $k$ modulo $n$ has index $1$. While other values of $(k,n)$ have been studied thoroughly in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Andrew Pendleton

The integer $d=\prod_{i=1}^s p_i^{b_i}$ is called an exponential divisor of $n=\prod_{i=1}^s p_i^{a_i}>1$ if $b_i \mid a_i$ for every $i\in \{1,2,...,s\}$. Let $\tau^{(e)}(n)$ denote the number of exponential divisors of $n$, where…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-08-28 László Tóth

Let $\omega^*(n)$ denote the number of divisors of $n$ that are shifted primes, that is, the number of divisors of $n$ of the form $p-1$, with $p$ prime. Studied by Prachar in an influential paper from 70 years ago, the higher moments of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Steve Fan , Carl Pomerance

We prove that for all $n\geq 1$ there exists a number between $n^2$ and $(n+1)^2$ with at most 4 prime factors. This is the first result of this kind that holds for every $n\geq 1$ rather than just sufficiently large $n$. Our approach…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Adrian W. Dudek , Daniel R. Johnston

The well-known Hardy--Ramanujan inequality states that if $\omega(n)$ denotes the number of distinct prime factors of a positive integer $n$, then there is an absolute constant $C>0$ such that uniformly for $x\ge2$ and $k\in\mathbb{N}$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Steve Fan

In 2003, Zhao discovered a curious congruence involving harmonic series and Bernoulli numbers: for any odd prime $p$, $$\sum_{\substack{i,j,k\ge 1\\\gcd(ijk,p)=1\\i+j+k=p}}\frac{1}{ijk}\equiv -2B_{p-3} \pmod{p},$$ where $B_n$ is the $n$-th…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-20 Shane Chern

Let $N$ be a positive integer and let $S_N$ be the set of polynomials with integer coefficients, degree less than $N$, and minimal positive integral over $[0,1]$. D. Bazzanella initiated the study of $S_N$ because of its relation to the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Alice Bazzanella , Carlo Sanna

Let $N$ be an odd perfect number and let $a$ be its third largest prime divisor, $b$ be the second largest prime divisor, and $c$ be its largest prime divisor. We discuss steps towards obtaining a non-trivial upper bound on $a$, as well as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Sean Bibby , Pieter Vyncke , Joshua Zelinsky

We prove the following version of the Campana's orbifold conjecture: Let $X$ be a complex non-singular projective variety of dimension $n$. Let $D_1,\ldots,D_{n+1}$ be $\mathbb Z$-linearly independent effective divisors in ${\rm Div}(X)$…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Min Ru , Julie Tzu-Yueh Wang

Let $b$ be an integer greater than or equal to $2$. For any integer $n\in \left[b^{\lambda-1}, b^{\lambda}-1\right]$, we denote by $R_\lambda (n)$ the reverse of $n$ in base $b$, obtained by reversing the order of the digits of $n$. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Cécile Dartyge , Joël Rivat , Cathy Swaenepoel

Let $(u_n)_{n \geq 0}$ be a nondegenerate linear recurrence of integers, and let $\mathcal{A}$ be the set of positive integers $n$ such that $u_n$ and $n$ are relatively prime. We prove that $\mathcal{A}$ has an asymptotic density, and that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Carlo Sanna

We prove that every sufficiently large integer $n$ can be written as the sum of a prime and an integer that is not square-free. In addition, we expect this result holds for every $n > 24$ and prove two results to support this claim. First,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Ethan S. Lee , Rowan O'Clarey

The ternary Goldbach conjecture, or three-primes problem, states that every odd number $n$ greater than $5$ can be written as the sum of three primes. The conjecture, posed in 1742, remained unsolved until now, in spite of great progress in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-15 Harald Andrés Helfgott

We prove there exist infinitely many odd integers $n$ for which there exists a pair of positive divisors $d_1, d_2>1$ of $(n^2+1)/2$ such that $$d_1+d_2=\delta n+(\delta+2).$$ We prove the similar result for $\varepsilon=\delta-2$ and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Sanda Bujačić Babić

For a positive integer t>1, an integer N is called t-free if the exponent of any prime factor of N is less than t. Some works shown if N is t-free, then N satisfies Robin's inequality, for t=5, 7, 11, 16. This article shows that the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Xiaolong Wu

We provide numerical evidence towards three conjectures on harmonic numbers by Eswarathasan--Levine and Boyd. Let $J_p$ denote the set of integers $n\geq 1$ such that the harmonic number $H_n$ is divisible by a prime $p$. The conjectures…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Leonardo Carofiglio , Giacomo Cherubini , Alessandro Gambini

A composite number $n$ is called Lehmer when $\phi(n) | n - 1$, where $\phi$ is the Euler totient function. In 1932, D.~H.~Lehmer conjectured that there are no composite Lehmer numbers and showed that Lehmer numbers must be odd and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-26 Gholam Reza Pourgholi

For a positive integer $k$, let \[ \sigma_k(n)=\sum_{d\mid n} d^k \] be the divisor function of order $k$, and let $\nu_p(m)$ denote the $p$-adic valuation of an integer $m$. Motivated by recent work on the $p$-adic valuation of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Kaimin Cheng , Ke Zhang