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Advances in robotic automation, high-performance computing (HPC), and artificial intelligence (AI) encourage us to conceive of science factories: large, general-purpose computation- and AI-enabled self-driving laboratories (SDLs) with the…

While artificial intelligence (AI) has become widespread, many commercial AI systems are not yet accessible to individual researchers nor the general public due to the deep knowledge of the systems required to use them. We believe that AI…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied in numerous scientific domains. In biomedicine, AI has already shown tremendous potential, e.g. in the interpretation of next-generation sequencing data and in the design of…

Scientific research has long been human-led, driving new knowledge and transformative technologies through the continual revision of questions, methods and claims as evidence accumulates. Although large language model (LLM)-based agents are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Shuxing Yang , Fujia Chen , Rui Zhao , Junyao Wu , Yize Wang , Haiyao Luo , Ning Han , Qiaolu Chen , Yuze Hu , Wenhao Li , Mingzhu Li , Hongsheng Chen , Yihao Yang

Experiential AI is presented as a research agenda in which scientists and artists come together to investigate the entanglements between humans and machines, and an approach to human-machine learning and development where knowledge is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Drew Hemment , Dave Murray-Rust , Vaishak Belle , Ruth Aylett , Matjaz Vidmar , Frank Broz

AI scientists powered by large language models have demonstrated substantial promise in autonomously conducting experiments and facilitating scientific discoveries across various disciplines. While their capabilities are promising, these…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming ubiquitous in domains such as medicine and natural science research. However, when AI systems are implemented in practice, domain experts often refuse them. Low acceptance hinders effective human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Auste Simkute , Ewa Luger , Michael Evans , Rhianne Jones

We present the first language-model-driven agentic artificial intelligence (AI) system to autonomously execute multi-stage physics experiments on a production synchrotron light source. Implemented at the Advanced Light Source particle…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Thorsten Hellert , Drew Bertwistle , Simon C. Leemann , Antonin Sulc , Marco Venturini

This paper details two novel frameworks for developing autonomous, agentic AI in scientific workflows. Both systems leverage a hybrid Local Body, Remote Brain architecture via Google Colab, utilizing Python-based local orchestrators to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Judy Fox , Geoffrey Fox

Quality assurance for large-scale cyber-physical systems relies on sophisticated test activities using complex test environments investigated with the help of numerous types of simulators. As these systems grow, extensive resources are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Masoud Sadrnezhaad , José Antonio Hernández López , Torvald Mårtensson , Daniel Varro

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), it is foreseeable that the accuracy and efficiency of dynamic analysis for future power system will be greatly improved by the integration of dynamic simulators and AI. To explore…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Tannan Xiao , Ying Chen , Jianquan Wang , Shaowei Huang , Weilin Tong , Tirui He

Urban research aims to understand how cities operate and evolve as complex adaptive systems. With the rapid growth of urban data and analytical methodologies, the central challenge of the field has shifted from data availability to the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Tong Xia , Jiankun Zhang , Ruiwen You , Ao Xu , Linghao Zhang , Tengyao Tu , Jingzhi Wang , Jinghua Piao , Yunke Zhang , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

The optimization of nanomaterial synthesis using numerous synthetic variables is considered to be extremely laborious task because the conventional combinatorial explorations are prohibitively expensive. In this work, we report an…

Modern science is reaching a critical inflection point. Instruments across disciplines, from particle physics and astronomy to genomics and climate modeling, now produce data of such scale, diversity, and interdependence that traditional…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-03-10 Ke Li , Beijiang Liu , Bruce Mellado , Changzheng Yuan , Zhengde Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are catalyzing a paradigm shift in scientific discovery, evolving from task-specific automation tools into increasingly autonomous agents and fundamentally redefining research processes and human-AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tianshi Zheng , Zheye Deng , Hong Ting Tsang , Weiqi Wang , Jiaxin Bai , Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping education, scientific training, and materials discovery. In materials science, AI models increasingly support property prediction, experiment prioritization, and hypothesis generation; however, the…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-12 Dongming Mei , Katherine Moore , Ben Sayler

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into clinical workflows requires robust collaborative platforms that are able to bridge the gap between technical innovation and practical healthcare applications. This paper introduces MAIA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Simone Bendazzoli , Sanna Persson , Mehdi Astaraki , Sebastian Pettersson , Vitali Grozman , Rodrigo Moreno

Cognitive delegation to artificial intelligence (AI) systems is transforming scientific research by enabling the automation of analytical processes and the discovery of new patterns in large datasets. This study examines the ability of AI…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-13 Virginia del Campo , Iker Malaina

Existing automated research systems operate as stateless, linear pipelines -- generating outputs without maintaining any persistent understanding of the research landscape they navigate. They process papers sequentially, propose ideas…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yunbo Long

We envision the "virtual eye" as a next-generation, AI-powered platform that uses interconnected foundation models to simulate the eye's intricate structure and biological function across all scales. Advances in AI, imaging, and multiomics…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-12 Yue Wu , Yibo Guo , Yulong Yan , Jiancheng Yang , Xin Zhou , Ching-Yu Cheng , Danli Shi , Mingguang He