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Computer-aided diagnosis systems hold great promise to aid radiologists and clinicians in radiological clinical practice and enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, the conventional systems primarily focus on delivering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Sheng Wang , Tianming Du , Katherine Fischer , Gregory E Tasian , Justin Ziemba , Joanie M Garratt , Hersh Sagreiya , Yong Fan

Remarkable success of modern image-based AI methods and the resulting interest in their applications in critical decision-making processes has led to a surge in efforts to make such intelligent systems transparent and explainable. The need…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Adriano Lucieri , Muhammad Naseer Bajwa , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Background: The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has given rise to AI-native applications, a new paradigm in software engineering that fundamentally redefines how software is designed, developed, and evolved. Despite their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Lingli Cao , Shanshan Li , Ying Fan , Danyang Li , Chenxing Zhong

Aim: provide a methodological framework for the process of clinical tests, clinical acceptance, and scientific assessment of algorithms and software based on the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Clinical tests are considered as a…

Trustworthiness and transparency are essential for the clinical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare and biomedical research. Recent deep research systems aim to accelerate evidence-grounded scientific discovery by…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is influencing heterogeneous catalysis research by accelerating simulations and materials discovery. A key frontier is integrating AI with multiscale models and multimodal experiments to address the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Andrew J. Medford , Todd N. Whittaker , Bjarne Kreitz , David W. Flaherty , John R. Kitchin

This paper explores the potential of a multidisciplinary approach to testing and aligning artificial intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on large language models (LLMs). Due to the rapid development and wide application of LLMs,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ljubisa Bojic , Matteo Cinelli , Dubravko Culibrk , Boris Delibasic

Foundational Models (FMs) are gaining increasing attention in the biomedical AI ecosystem due to their ability to represent and contextualize multimodal biomedical data. These capabilities make FMs a valuable tool for a variety of tasks,…

New technologies have the power to revolutionize science. It has happened in the past and is happening again with the emergence of new computational tools, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. Despite the documented impact…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Stefano Bianchini , Moritz Müller , Pierre Pelletier

Self-driving labs (SDLs) combine fully automated experiments with artificial intelligence (AI) that decides the next set of experiments. Taken to their ultimate expression, SDLs could usher a new paradigm of scientific research, where the…

Optimization strategies driven by machine learning, such as Bayesian optimization, are being explored across experimental sciences as an efficient alternative to traditional design of experiment. When combined with automated laboratory…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Riley J. Hickman , Matteo Aldeghi , Florian Häse , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Humans strive to design safe AI systems that align with our goals and remain under our control. However, as AI capabilities advance, we face a new challenge: the emergence of deeper, more persistent relationships between humans and AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Hannah Rose Kirk , Iason Gabriel , Chris Summerfield , Bertie Vidgen , Scott A. Hale

Epistemic AI accelerates biomedical discovery by finding hidden connections in the network of biomedical knowledge. The Epistemic AI web-based software platform embodies the concept of knowledge mapping, an interactive process that relies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Da Chen Emily Koo , Heather Bowling , Kenneth Ashworth , David J. Heeger , Stefano Pacifico

The paper surveys automated scientific discovery, from equation discovery and symbolic regression to autonomous discovery systems and agents. It discusses the individual approaches from a "big picture" perspective and in context, but also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Stefan Kramer , Mattia Cerrato , Jannis Brugger , Sašo Džeroski , Ross King

We present AutoOED, an Optimal Experiment Design platform powered with automated machine learning to accelerate the discovery of optimal solutions. The platform solves multi-objective optimization problems in time- and data-efficient manner…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Yunsheng Tian , Mina Konaković Luković , Timothy Erps , Michael Foshey , Wojciech Matusik

Automating biological experimentation remains challenging due to the need for millimeter-scale precision, long and multi-step experiments, and the dynamic nature of living systems. Current liquid handlers only partially automate workflows,…

Generative models are a powerful tool in AI for material discovery. We are designing a software framework that supports a human-AI co-creation process to accelerate finding replacements for the ``forever chemicals''-- chemicals that enable…

Chemistry, a long-standing discipline, has historically relied on manual and often time-consuming processes. While some automation exists, the field is now on the cusp of a significant evolution driven by the integration of robotics and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jihong Zhu , Kefeng Huang , Jonathon Pipe , Chris Horbaczewsky , Andy Tyrrell , Ian J. S. Fairlamb

Self-driving technology is expected to revolutionize different sectors and is seen as the natural evolution of road vehicles. In the last years, real-world validation of designed and virtually tested solutions is growing in importance since…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Stefano Arrigoni , Simone Mentasti , Federico Cheli , Matteo Matteucci , Francesco Braghin