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High Definition (HD) maps are maps with precise definitions of road lanes with rich semantics of the traffic rules. They are critical for several key stages in an autonomous driving system, including motion forecasting and planning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Lu Mi , Hang Zhao , Charlie Nash , Xiaohan Jin , Jiyang Gao , Chen Sun , Cordelia Schmid , Nir Shavit , Yuning Chai , Dragomir Anguelov

The integration of data from diverse sensor modalities (e.g., camera and LiDAR) constitutes a prevalent methodology within the ambit of autonomous driving scenarios. Recent advancements in efficient point cloud transformers have underscored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yutao Zhu , Xiaosong Jia , Xinyu Yang , Junchi Yan

Multi-sensor fusion models play a crucial role in autonomous driving perception, particularly in tasks like 3D object detection and HD map construction. These models provide essential and comprehensive static environmental information for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xiaoshuai Hao , Guanqun Liu , Yuting Zhao , Yuheng Ji , Mengchuan Wei , Haimei Zhao , Lingdong Kong , Rong Yin , Yu Liu

Monocular depth estimation from RGB images plays a pivotal role in 3D vision. However, its accuracy can deteriorate in challenging environments such as nighttime or adverse weather conditions. While long-wave infrared cameras offer stable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jialei Xu , Xianming Liu , Junjun Jiang , Kui Jiang , Rui Li , Kai Cheng , Xiangyang Ji

Map construction in large scale outdoor environment is of importance for robots to robustly fulfill their tasks. Massive sessions of data should be merged to distinguish low dynamics in the map, which otherwise might debase the performance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Xiaqing Ding , Yue Wang , Huan Yin , Li Tang , Rong Xiong

Most autonomous cars rely on the availability of high-definition (HD) maps. Current research aims to address this constraint by directly predicting HD map elements from onboard sensors and reasoning about the relationships between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Khanh Son Pham , Christian Witte , Jens Behley , Johannes Betz , Cyrill Stachniss

Radars, due to their robustness to adverse weather conditions and ability to measure object motions, have served in autonomous driving and intelligent agents for years. However, Radar-based perception suffers from its unintuitive sensing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Liu Liu , Shuaifeng Zhi , Zhenhua Du , Li Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Kai Huo , Weidong Jiang

High-definition maps (HD maps) are a key component of most modern self-driving systems due to their valuable semantic and geometric information. Unfortunately, building HD maps has proven hard to scale due to their cost as well as the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Sergio Casas , Abbas Sadat , Raquel Urtasun

Multi-modality fusion is the guarantee of the stability of autonomous driving systems. In this paper, we propose a general multi-modality cascaded fusion framework, exploiting the advantages of decision-level and feature-level fusion,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Hongwu Kuang , Xiaodong Liu , Jingwei Zhang , Zicheng Fang

High-definition (HD) map provides abundant and precise environmental information of the driving scene, serving as a fundamental and indispensable component for planning in autonomous driving system. We present MapTR, a structured end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Bencheng Liao , Shaoyu Chen , Xinggang Wang , Tianheng Cheng , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Chang Huang

Vectorized high-definition (HD) maps contain detailed information about surrounding road elements, which are crucial for various downstream tasks in modern autonomous vehicles, such as motion planning and vehicle control. Recent works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhenhua Xu , Kwan-Yee. K. Wong , Hengshuang Zhao

High-definition (HD) maps have played an integral role in the development of modern autonomous vehicle (AV) stacks, albeit with high associated labeling and maintenance costs. As a result, many recent works have proposed methods for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xunjiang Gu , Guanyu Song , Igor Gilitschenski , Marco Pavone , Boris Ivanovic

LiDAR-camera fusion is one of the core processes for the perception system of current automated driving systems. The typical sensor fusion process includes a list of coordinate transformation operations following system calibration.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Dan Shen , Zhengming Zhang , Renran Tian , Yaobin Chen , Rini Sherony

Depth map records distance between the viewpoint and objects in the scene, which plays a critical role in many real-world applications. However, depth map captured by consumer-grade RGB-D cameras suffers from low spatial resolution. Guided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Zhiwei Zhong , Xianming Liu , Junjun Jiang , Debin Zhao , Zhiwen Chen , Xiangyang Ji

3D object detection is fundamental for safe and robust intelligent transportation systems. Current multi-modal 3D object detectors often rely on complex architectures and training strategies to achieve higher detection accuracy. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xiangxuan Ren , Zhongdao Wang , Pin Tang , Guoqing Wang , Jilai Zheng , Chao Ma

Vectorized HD map is essential for autonomous driving. Remarkable work has been achieved in recent years, but there are still major issues: (1) in the generation of the BEV features, single modality-based methods are of limited perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Ruqin Zhou , Chenguang Dai , Wanshou Jiang , Yongsheng Zhang , Hanyun Wang , San Jiang

Service mobile robots are often required to avoid dynamic objects while performing their tasks, but they usually have only limited computational resources. To further advance the practical application of service robots in complex dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yushen He , Lei Zhao , Tianchen Deng , Zipeng Fang , Weidong Chen

Although autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to revolutionize transportation, robust perception across a wide range of driving contexts remains a significant challenge. Techniques to fuse sensor data from camera, radar, and lidar sensors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Arnav Vaibhav Malawade , Trier Mortlock , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

As an essential component of autonomous driving systems, high-definition (HD) maps provide rich and precise environmental information for auto-driving scenarios; however, existing methods, which primarily rely on query-based detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jing Yang , Sen Yang , Xiao Tan , Hanli Wang

The combination of data from multiple sensors, also known as sensor fusion or data fusion, is a key aspect in the design of autonomous robots. In particular, algorithms able to accommodate sensor fusion techniques enable increased accuracy,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Li Qingqing , Jorge Peña Queralta , Tuan Nguyen Gia , Zhuo Zou , Tomi Westerlund