Related papers: Danceability of twisted virtual knots
The altenating knots, links and twists projected on the S_2 sphere are identified with the phase Space of a Hamiltonian dynamic system of one degree of freedom. The saddles of the system correspond to the crossing points, the edges, to the…
Virtual knot theory has experienced a lot of nice features that did not appear in classical knot theory, e.g., parity and picture-valued invariants. In the present paper we use virtual knot theory effects to construct new representations of…
We enumerate and show tables of minimal diagrams for all prime knots up to the triple-crossing number equal to five. We derive a minimal generating set of oriented moves connecting triple-crossing diagrams of the same oriented knot. We also…
Twisted knot theory introduced by M. Bourgoin is a generalization of knot theory. It leads us to the notion of twisted virtual braids. In this paper we show theorems for twisted links corresponding to the Alexander theorem and the Markov…
In 2002, D. Hrencecin and L.H. Kauffman defined a filamentation invariant on oriented chord diagrams that may determine whether the corresponding flat virtual knot diagrams are non-trivial. A virtual knot diagram is non-classical if its…
This is an expository article on diagrammatic representations of knots and links in various settings via braids.
Marked vertex diagrams provide a combinatorial way to represent knotted surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$; including virtual crossings allows for a theory of virtual knotted surfaces and virtual cobordisms. Biquandle counting invariants are…
We prove that deciding if a diagram of the unknot can be untangled using at most $k$ Riedemeister moves (where $k$ is part of the input) is NP-hard. We also prove that several natural questions regarding links in the $3$-sphere are NP-hard,…
Data science offers a powerful tool to understand objects in multiple sciences. In this paper we utilize concept of data science, most notably topological data analysis, to extend our understanding of knot theory. This approach provides a…
We introduce bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in the four-sphere. This description is inspired by the work of Gay and Kirby on trisections of four-manifolds and extends the classical concept of bridge splittings of links in the…
We consider knot theories possessing a {\em parity}: each crossing is decreed {\em odd} or {\em even} according to some universal rule. If this rule satisfies some simple axioms concerning the behaviour under Reidemeister moves, this leads…
In this paper, we introduce the concept of the warping degree for twisted knots, construct an invariant for them, and utilize it to establish a labeling scheme for these knots, known as ``warping labeling". We have identified that a warping…
A knot is a circle piecewise-linearly embedded into the 3-sphere. The topology of a knot is intimately related to that of its exterior, which is the complement of an open regular neighborhood of the knot. Knots are typically encoded by…
The entanglement of open curves in 3-space appears in many physical systems and affects their material properties and function. A new framework in knot theory was introduced recently, that enables to characterize the complexity of…
We describe a method of encoding various types of link diagrams, including those with classical, flat, rigid, welded, and virtual crossings. We show that this method may be used to encode link diagrams, up to equivalence, in a notation…
A virtual knot, which is one of generalizations of knots in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ (or $S^{3}$), is, roughly speaking, an embedded circle in thickened surface $S_{g} \times I$. In this paper we will discuss about knots in 3 dimensional $S_{g}…
In this paper we introduce a representation of knots and links called a cube diagram. We show that a property of a cube diagram is a link invariant if and only if the property is invariant under two types of cube diagram operations. A knot…
In the present paper, we discuss a way of generalising Vassiliev knot invariants and weight systems to framed chord diagrams having framing 0 and 1.
This paper aims to develop a mathematical foundation to model knitting with graphs. We provide a precise definition for knit objects with a knot theoretic component and propose a simple undirected graph, a simple directed graph, and a…
Twisted knot theory, introduced by M.O. Bourgoin, is a generalization of virtual knot theory. It naturally yields the notion of a twisted braid, which is closely related to the notion of a virtual braid due to Kauffman. In this paper, we…