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Intrinsic Motivation (IM) aims to train agents without external rewards, enabling useful behavior to emerge from the agent's interaction with its environment alone. However, the dominant IM approaches rely on information-theoretic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tristan Shah , Stas Tiomkin

We have seen remarkable progress in large language models (LLMs) empowered multi-agent systems solving complex tasks necessitating cooperation among experts with diverse skills. However, optimizing LLM-based multi-agent systems remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ming Shen , Raphael Shu , Anurag Pratik , James Gung , Yubin Ge , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang

System Instructions (SIs), or system prompts, are pivotal for guiding Large Language Models (LLMs) but manual crafting is resource-intensive and often suboptimal. Existing automated methods frequently generate non-human-readable "soft…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jeshwanth Challagundla

Although the widespread use of AI systems in today's world is growing, many current AI systems are found vulnerable due to hidden bias and missing information, especially in the most commonly used forecasting system. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Zhixuan Chu , Hui Ding , Guang Zeng , Shiyu Wang , Yiming Li

In the age of AI-powered educational (AIED) innovation, evaluating the developmental consequences of novel designs before they are exposed to students has become both essential and challenging. Since such interventions may carry…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jianxiao Jiang , Yu Zhang

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit significant vulnerability to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) attacks. These attacks hijack agent behavior by polluting external information sources, exploiting fundamental trade-offs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhibo Liang , Tianze Hu , Zaiye Chen , Mingjie Tang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled LLM-based agents to directly interact with application user interfaces (UIs), enhancing agents' performance in complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from high latency and low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junting Lu , Zhiyang Zhang , Fangkai Yang , Jue Zhang , Lu Wang , Chao Du , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

This report investigates approaches for prompting a tool-augmented large language model (LLM) to act as a role-playing dialogue agent in the API track of the Commonsense Persona-grounded Dialogue Challenge (CPDC) 2025. In this setting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Saksorn Ruangtanusak , Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Kunat Pipatanakul

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in decision-making due to the vast amount of knowledge stored within the models. However, these pre-trained models are prone to lack reasoning abilities and are difficult to adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wei Chen , Jiahao Zhang , Haipeng Zhu , Boyan Xu , Zhifeng Hao , Keli Zhang , Junjian Ye , Ruichu Cai

The performance of large language models (LLMs) depends on how they are prompted, with choices spanning both the high-level prompting pattern (e.g., Zero-Shot, CoT, ReAct, ReWOO) and the specific prompt content (instructions and few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Claudio Spiess , Mandana Vaziri , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential for autonomous decision-making in the cybersecurity domain, enabling agents to learn through direct environment interaction. However, RL agents in Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Konur Tholl , François Rivest , Mariam El Mezouar , Adrian Taylor , Ranwa Al Mallah

Current conversational agents (CA) have seen improvement in conversational quality in recent years due to the influence of large language models (LLMs) like GPT3. However, two key categories of problem remain. Firstly there are the unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Alex Clay , Eduardo Alonso , Esther Mondragón

Prompt optimization automatically refines prompting expressions, unlocking the full potential of LLMs in downstream tasks. However, current prompt optimization methods are costly to train and lack sufficient interpretability. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yajing Wang , Zongwei Luo , Jingzhe Wang , Zhanke Zhou , Yongqiang Chen , Bo Han

As chemical plants evolve towards full autonomy, the need for effective fault handling and control in dynamic, unpredictable environments becomes increasingly critical. This paper proposes an innovative approach to industrial automation,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Javal Vyas , Mehmet Mercangöz

Large language model (LLM)-based computer-use agents represent a convergence of AI and OS capabilities, enabling natural language to control system- and application-level functions. However, due to LLMs' inherent uncertainty issues,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Haochen Gong , Chenxiao Li , Rui Chang , Wenbo Shen

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous driving systems demonstrates strong common sense and reasoning abilities, effectively addressing the pitfalls of purely data-driven methods. Current LLM-based agents require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Xiangyu Yin , Guangliang Cheng , Xingyu Zhao , Meng Fang , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to power autonomous agents for complex, multi-step tasks. However, human-agent interaction remains pointwise and reactive: users approve or correct individual actions to mitigate immediate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Gaole He , Brian Y. Lim

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly used for planning in orchestrated multi-agent systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches often fall short of human expectations and, critically, lack effective mechanisms for users to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hannah Kim , Kushan Mitra , Chen Shen , Dan Zhang , Estevam Hruschka

This article explores the dynamic influence of computational entities based on multi-agent systems theory (SMA) combined with large language models (LLM), which are characterized by their ability to simulate complex human interactions, as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Carlos Jose Xavier Cruz

Autonomous driving systems are typically verified based on scenarios. To represent the positions and movements of cars in these scenarios, diagrams that utilize icons are typically employed. However, the interpretation of such diagrams is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Toshiaki Aoki , Takashi Tomita , Tatsuji Kawai , Daisuke Kawakami , Nobuo Chida