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Recent neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) methods have shown promising problem-solving ability without requiring domain-specific expertise. Most existing NCO methods use training and testing data with a fixed constraint value and lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fu Luo , Yaoxin Wu , Zhi Zheng , Zhenkun Wang

The number of optimization techniques in the combinatorial domain is large and diversified. Nevertheless, real-world based benchmarks for testing algorithms are few. This work creates an extensible real-world mail delivery benchmark to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Luis A. A. Meira , Paulo S. Martins , Mauro Menzori , Guilherme A. Zeni

Combinatorial optimization has found applications in numerous fields, from aerospace to transportation planning and economics. The goal is to find an optimal solution among a finite set of possibilities. The well-known challenge one faces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Quentin Cappart , Thierry Moisan , Louis-Martin Rousseau , Isabeau Prémont-Schwarz , Andre Cire

This paper presents a generic technique for improving hybrid algorithms through the discovery of and tuning of meta-heuristics. The idea is to represent a family of push/pull heuristics that are based upon inserting and removing tasks in a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yves Caseau , Glenn Silverstein , Francois Laburthe

TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem), a classic NP-complete problem in combinatorial optimization, is of great significance in multiple fields. Exact algorithms for TSP are not practical due to their exponential time cost. Thus, approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Yang Li , Junbin Gao , Mingyuan Bai , Chengjun Li , Gang Liu

Managing disruptions in railway traffic management is a major challenge. Rising traffic density and infrastructure limits increase complexity, making the Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problem (VRSP) difficult to solve reliably and in real…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alberto Castagna , Stefan Zahlner , Adrian Egli , Christian Eichenberger , Daniel Boos , Manuel Meyer , Anton Fuxjager

Multiple TSP ($\mathrm{mTSP}$) is a important variant of $\mathrm{TSP}$ where a set of $k$ salesperson together visit a set of $n$ cities. The $\mathrm{mTSP}$ problem has applications to many real life applications such as vehicle routing.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Aditya Pillai , Mohit Singh

Neural routing solvers (NRSs) that leverage deep learning to tackle vehicle routing problems have demonstrated notable potential for practical applications. By learning implicit heuristic rules from data, NRSs replace the handcrafted…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Yunpeng Ba , Xi Lin , Changliang Zhou , Ruihao Zheng , Zhenkun Wang , Xinyan Liang , Zhichao Lu , Jianyong Sun , Yuhua Qian , Qingfu Zhang

Model-free deep-reinforcement-based learning algorithms have been applied to a range of COPs~\cite{bello2016neural}~\cite{kool2018attention}~\cite{nazari2018reinforcement}. However, these approaches suffer from two key challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , Tabinda Sarwar , A. K. Qin

The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) has garnered great interest from researchers and industrialists in an attempt to move from fuel-based vehicles to healthier and more efficient electric vehicles (EVs). While it seems that the EVRP…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Kousik Rajesh , Eklavya Jain , Prakash Kotecha

Due to the unavailability of routing information in design stages prior to detailed routing (DR), the tasks of timing prediction and optimization pose major challenges. Inaccurate timing prediction wastes design effort, hurts circuit…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Vidya A. Chhabria , Wenjing Jiang , Andrew B. Kahng , Sachin S. Sapatnekar

Manually designing (meta-)heuristics for the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a challenging task that requires significant domain expertise. Recently, data-driven approaches have emerged as a promising solution, automatically learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Saining Liu , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang

Machine learning can provide deep insights into data, allowing machines to make high-quality predictions and having been widely used in real-world applications, such as text mining, visual classification, and recommender systems. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Meng Wang , Weijie Fu , Xiangnan He , Shijie Hao , Xindong Wu

Multiple-TSP, also abbreviated in the literature as mTSP, is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem that lies at the core of many variants of the Vehicle Routing problem of great practical importance. The current paper develops and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Vlad-Ioan Lupoaie , Ivona-Alexandra Chili , Mihaela Elena Breaban , Madalina Raschip

Combinatorial optimization plays an important role in real-world problem solving. In the big data era, the dimensionality of a combinatorial optimization problem is usually very large, which poses a significant challenge to existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Yuan Sun , Andreas Ernst , Xiaodong Li , Jake Weiner

Vehicle routing problems have been the focus of extensive research over the past sixty years, driven by their economic importance and their theoretical interest. The diversity of applications has motivated the study of a myriad of problem…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Thibaut Vidal , Gilbert Laporte , Piotr Matl

Machine learning (ML) has seen a significant surge and uptake across many diverse applications. The high flexibility, adaptability and computing capabilities it provides extends traditional approaches used in multiple fields including…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Huiling Jiang , Qing Li , Yong Jiang , Gengbiao Shen , Richard Sinnott , Chen Tian , Mingwei Xu

In this paper, we provide a novel strategy for solving Traveling Salesman Problem, which is a famous combinatorial optimization problem studied intensely in the TCS community. In particular, we consider the imitation learning framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Pingbang Hu

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), as a classic routing optimization problem originally arising in the domain of transportation and logistics, has become a critical task in broader domains, such as manufacturing and biology. Recently, Deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yan Jin , Yuandong Ding , Xuanhao Pan , Kun He , Li Zhao , Tao Qin , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

This paper addresses the problem of planning time-optimal trajectories for multiple cooperative agents along specified paths through a static road network. Vehicle interactions at intersections create non-trivial decisions, with complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Philip Gun , Andrew Hill , Robin Vujanic