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We propose Text-Aligned Speech Tokens with Multiple Layer-Aggregation (TASLA), which is a text-aligned speech tokenization framework that aims to address the problem that under a low-frame-rate and text-aligned regime, single-source speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ming-Hao Hsu , Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Hung-yi Lee , Zhizheng Wu

Existing speech models suffer from competing requirements on token representations by understanding and generation tasks. This discrepancy in representation prevents speech language models from performing instruction-based free-form…

Modern tokenizers employ deterministic algorithms to map text into a single "canonical" token sequence, yet the same string can be encoded as many non-canonical tokenizations using the tokenizer vocabulary. In this work, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Brian Siyuan Zheng , Alisa Liu , Orevaoghene Ahia , Jonathan Hayase , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Building a unified visual tokenizer is essential for bridging the gap between visual understanding and generation. Yet existing approaches struggle with the inherent conflict between these tasks, as a single token space is forced to support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yiwei Guo , Shaobin Zhuang , Zhipeng Huang , Canmiao Fu , Chen Li , Jing Lyu , Yali Wang

Bandwidth extension, the task of reconstructing the high-frequency components of an audio signal from its low-pass counterpart, is a long-standing problem in audio processing. While traditional approaches have evolved alongside the broader…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Benoît Giniès , Xiaoyu Bie , Olivier Fercoq , Gaël Richard

Cross-lingual alignment in pretrained language models enables knowledge transfer across languages. Similar alignment has been reported in Whisper-style speech encoders, based on spoken translation retrieval using representational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ryan Soh-Eun Shim , Domenico De Cristofaro , Chengzhi Martin Hu , Alessandro Vietti , Barbara Plank

Noise robustness remains a critical challenge for deploying neural speech codecs in real-world acoustic scenarios where background noise is often inevitable. A key observation we make is that even slight input noise perturbations can cause…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Rui-Chen Zheng , Yang Ai , Hui-Peng Du , Li-Rong Dai

The speech tokenizer plays a crucial role in recent speech tasks, generally serving as a bridge between speech signals and language models. While low-frame-rate codecs are widely employed as speech tokenizers, the impact of frame rates on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Haoyang Zhang , Hexin Liu , Xiangyu Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Yuchen Hu , Junqi Zhao , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Leibny Paola Garcia , Eng Siong Chng

The purpose of speech tokenization is to transform a speech signal into a sequence of discrete representations, serving as the foundation for speech language models (SLMs). While speech tokenization has many options, their effect on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shunsuke Kando , Yusuke Miyao , Shinnosuke Takamichi

Although the semantic communications have exhibited satisfactory performance in a large number of tasks, the impact of semantic noise and the robustness of the systems have not been well investigated. Semantic noise is a particular kind of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Qiyu Hu , Guangyi Zhang , Zhijin Qin , Yunlong Cai , Guanding Yu , Geoffrey Ye Li

Speech tokenization is the task of representing speech signals as a sequence of discrete units. Such representations can be later used for various downstream tasks including automatic speech recognition, text-to-speech, etc. More relevant…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Shoval Messica , Yossi Adi

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. However, existing foundation models rely on multi-stage processing or complex architectures for predicting…

Recent advancements in end-to-end neural speech codecs enable compressing audio at extremely low bitrates while maintaining high-fidelity reconstruction. Meanwhile, low computational complexity and low latency are crucial for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Leyan Yang , Ronghui Hu , Yang Xu , Jing Lu

Audio captioning aims at describing the content of audio clips with human language. Due to the ambiguity of audio, different people may perceive the same audio differently, resulting in caption disparities (i.e., one audio may correlate to…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Yiming Zhang , Hong Yu , Ruoyi Du , Zhanyu Ma , Yuan Dong

The neural codec model reduces speech data transmission delay and serves as the foundational tokenizer for speech language models (speech LMs). Preserving emotional information in codecs is crucial for effective communication and context…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Wenze Ren , Yi-Cheng Lin , Huang-Cheng Chou , Haibin Wu , Yi-Chiao Wu , Chi-Chun Lee , Hung-yi Lee , Yu Tsao

Discrete audio representations, termed audio tokens, are broadly categorized into semantic and acoustic tokens, typically generated through unsupervised tokenization of continuous audio representations. However, their applicability to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jingguang Tian , Haoqin Sun , Xinhui Hu , Xinkang Xu

The vast majority of approaches to speaker anonymization involve the extraction of fundamental frequency estimates, linguistic features and a speaker embedding which is perturbed to obfuscate the speaker identity before an anonymized speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-15 Michele Panariello , Francesco Nespoli , Massimiliano Todisco , Nicholas Evans

Recent language models have shown impressive multilingual performance, even when not explicitly trained for it. Despite this, there are concerns about the quality of their outputs across different languages. In this paper, we show how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Aleksandar Petrov , Emanuele La Malfa , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi

Precise audio-visual synchronization in speech videos is crucial for content quality and viewer comprehension. Existing methods have made significant strides in addressing this challenge through rule-based approaches and end-to-end learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Tao Feng , Yifan Xie , Xun Guan , Jiyuan Song , Zhou Liu , Fei Ma , Fei Yu

Quantum error correction (QEC) for generic errors is challenging due to the demanding threshold and resource requirements. Interestingly, when physical noise is biased, we can tailor our QEC schemes to the noise to improve performance. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Qian Xu , Nam Mannucci , Alireza Seif , Aleksander Kubica , Steven T. Flammia , Liang Jiang