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Histological staining of tissue biopsies, especially hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, serves as the benchmark for disease diagnosis and comprehensive clinical assessment of tissue. However, the process is laborious and time-consuming,…

We present a self-supervised algorithm for several classification tasks within hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images of breast cancer. Our method is robust to stain variations inherent to the histology images acquisition process, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Alexandre Tiard , Alex Wong , David Joon Ho , Yangchao Wu , Eliram Nof , Alvin C. Goh , Stefano Soatto , Saad Nadeem

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining highlights the molecular information critical to diagnostics in tissue samples. However, compared to H&E staining, IHC staining can be much more expensive in terms of both labor and the laboratory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Fangda Li , Zhiqiang Hu , Wen Chen , Avinash Kak

Computational analysis of multiplexed immunofluorescence histology data is emerging as an important method for understanding the tumour micro-environment in cancer. This work presents HEMIT, a dataset designed for translating Hematoxylin…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Chang Bian , Beth Philips , Tim Cootes , Martin Fergie

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining plays a significant role in the evaluation of diseases such as breast cancer. The H&E-to-IHC transformation based on generative models provides a simple and cost-effective method for obtaining IHC images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yifan Jia , Xingda Yu , Zhengyang Ji , Songning Lai , Yutao Yue

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is the dominant framework for whole-slide image analysis in computational pathology, typically combining a frozen patch encoder, a projection layer, and a slide-level aggregator. While encoders and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-19 Yucheng Xing , Pei Liu , Jingying Ma , Ruping Hong , Jiangdong Qiu , Tianyu Liu , Kai He , Ling Huang , Mengling Feng

With the rapid development of digital pathology, virtual staining has become a key technology in multimedia medical information systems, offering new possibilities for the analysis and diagnosis of pathological images. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hao Yang , JianYu Wu , Run Fang , Xuelian Zhao , Yuan Ji , Zhiyu Chen , Guibin He , Junceng Guo , Yang Liu , Xinhua Zeng

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining serves as a valuable technique for detecting specific antigens or proteins through antibody-mediated visualization. However, the IHC staining process is both time-consuming and costly. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zetong Chen , Yuzhuo Chen , Hai Zhong , Xu Qiao

Medical practitioners use a number of diagnostic tests to make a reliable diagnosis. Traditionally, Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained glass slides have been used for cancer diagnosis and tumor detection. However, recently a variety of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Abubakr Shafique , Morteza Babaie , Ricardo Gonzalez , H. R. Tizhoosh

Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) allows a high-resolution measurement of RNA sequence abundance by systematically connecting cell morphology depicted in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained histology images to spatially resolved gene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Sichen Zhu , Yuchen Zhu , Molei Tao , Peng Qiu

Here, we present a diffusion transformer (DiT)-based pixel super-resolution virtual staining approach to transform low-resolution FTIR microspectroscopic images of the unstained tissues into corresponding high-resolution H&E-stained images.…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-10 Yudong Tian , Xiangyu Zhao , Yuqing Liu , Bofei Yang , Chongzhao Wu

Many medical and biological protocols for analyzing individual biological cells involve morphological evaluation based on cell staining, designed to enhance imaging contrast and enable clinicians and biologists to differentiate between…

Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains play a vital role in a pathologist's analysis of medical images, providing crucial diagnostic information for various diseases. Virtual staining from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-03 Sitong Liu , Kechun Liu , Samuel Margolis , Wenjun Wu , Stevan R. Knezevich , David E Elder , Megan M. Eguchi , Joann G Elmore , Linda Shapiro

Three-dimensional X-ray histology techniques offer a non-invasive alternative to conventional 2D histology, enabling volumetric imaging of biological tissues without the need for physical sectioning or chemical staining. However, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Sarah C. Irvine , Christian Lucas , Diana Krüger , Bianca Guedert , Julian Moosmann , Berit Zeller-Plumhoff

While hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a standard staining procedure, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining further serves as a diagnostic and prognostic method. However, acquiring special staining results requires substantial costs. Hence, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Ming-Yang Ho , Min-Sheng Wu , Che-Ming Wu

Histopathological visualizations are a pillar of modern medicine and biological research. Surgical oncology relies exclusively on post-operative histology to determine definitive surgical success and guide adjuvant treatments. The current…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-04 Marian Boktor , Benjamin Ecclestone , Vlad Pekar , Deepak Dinakaran , John R. Mackey , Paul Fieguth , Parsin Haji Reza

Accurate and fast histological staining is crucial in histopathology, impacting diagnostic precision and reliability. Traditional staining methods are time-consuming and subjective, causing delays in diagnosis. Digital pathology plays a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 Marian Boktor , James E. D. Tweel , Benjamin R. Ecclestone , Jennifer Ai Ye , Paul Fieguth , Parsin Haji Reza

Virtual staining has emerged as a powerful alternative to traditional histopathological staining techniques, enabling rapid, reagent-free image transformations. However, existing evaluation methods predominantly rely on full-reference image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Qiankai Wang , James E. D. Tweel , Parsin Haji Reza , Anita Layton

While multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) imaging provides deep, spatially-resolved molecular data, integrating this information with the morphological standard of Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) can be very important for obtaining complementary…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-08 Jillur Rahman Saurav , Mohammad Sadegh Nasr , Jacob M. Luber

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides information on protein expression in tissue sections and is commonly used to support pathology diagnosis and disease triage. While AI models for H\&E-stained slides show promise, their applicability to…