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The sensitivity of a string compression algorithm $C$ asks how much the output size $C(T)$ for an input string $T$ can increase when a single character edit operation is performed on $T$. This notion enables one to measure the robustness of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Tooru Akagi , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Shunsuke Inenaga

We study the impact that string reversal can have on several repetitiveness measures. First, we exhibit an infinite family of strings where the number, $r$, of runs in the run-length encoding of the Burrows--Wheeler transform (BWT) can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hideo Bannai , Yuto Fujie , Peaker Guo , Shunsuke Inenaga , Yuto Nakashima , Simon J. Puglisi , Cristian Urbina

We study the sensitivity of the Lempel-Ziv 77 compression algorithm to edits, showing how modifying a string $w$ can deteriorate or improve its compression. Our first result is a tight upper bound for $k$ edits: $\forall w' \in B(w,k)$, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Gabriel Bathie , Paul Huber , Guillaume Lagarde , Akka Zemmari

We show that the size $\gamma(t_n)$ of the smallest string attractor of the $n$th Thue-Morse word $t_n$ is 4 for any $n\geq 4$, disproving the conjecture by Mantaci et al. [ICTCS 2019] that it is $n$. We also show that $\delta(t_n) =…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Kanaru Kutsukake , Takuya Matsumoto , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

The notion of string attractor has been introduced in [Kempa and Prezza, 2018] in the context of Data Compression and it represents a set of positions of a finite word in which all of its factors can be "attracted". The smallest size…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Antonio Restivo , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino

Shannon's entropy is a definitive lower bound for statistical compression. Unfortunately, no such clear measure exists for the compressibility of repetitive strings. Thus, ad hoc measures are employed to estimate the repetitiveness of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Giulia Bernardini , Gabriele Fici , Paweł Gawrychowski , Solon P. Pissis

Unlike in statistical compression, where Shannon's entropy is a definitive lower bound, no such clear measure exists for the compressibility of repetitive sequences. Since statistical entropy does not capture repetitiveness, ad-hoc measures…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Tomasz Kociumaka , Gonzalo Navarro , Nicola Prezza

The problem of detecting and measuring the repetitiveness of one-dimensional strings has been extensively studied in data compression and text indexing. Our understanding of these issues has been significantly improved by the introduction…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Lorenzo Carfagna , Giovanni Manzini , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

Let $S$ be a string of length $n$. In this paper we introduce the notion of \emph{string attractor}: a subset of the string's positions $[1,n]$ such that every distinct substring of $S$ has an occurrence crossing one of the attractor's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Nicola Prezza

An L-system (for lossless compression) is a CPD0L-system extended with two parameters $d$ and $n$, which determines unambiguously a string $w = \tau(\varphi^d(s))[1:n]$, where $\varphi$ is the morphism of the system, $s$ is its axiom, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Gonzalo Navarro , Cristian Urbina

We raise the question of approximating the compressibility of a string with respect to a fixed compression scheme, in sublinear time. We study this question in detail for two popular lossless compression schemes: run-length encoding (RLE)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-06-11 Sofya Raskhodnikova , Dana Ron , Ronitt Rubinfeld , Adam Smith

The notion of \emph{string attractor} has recently been introduced in [Prezza, 2017] and studied in [Kempa and Prezza, 2018] to provide a unifying framework for known dictionary-based compressors. A string attractor for a word…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Sabrina Mantaci , Antonio Restivo , Giuseppe Romana , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

Computing the {\em matching statistics} of a string $P[1..m]$ with respect to a text $T[1..n]$ is a fundamental problem which has application to genome sequence comparison. In this paper, we study the problem of computing the matching…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Younan Gao

A well-known fact in the field of lossless text compression is that high-order entropy is a weak model when the input contains long repetitions. Motivated by this, decades of research have generated myriads of so-called dictionary…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Dominik Kempa , Nicola Prezza

A string attractor of a string $T[1..|T|]$ is a set of positions $\Gamma$ of $T$ such that any substring $w$ of $T$ has an occurrence that crosses a position in $\Gamma$, i.e., there is a position $i$ such that $w = T[i..i+|w|-1]$ and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Mutsunori Banbara , Hideo Bannai , Peaker Guo , Dominik Köppl , Takuya Mieno , Yoshio Okamoto

String attractors [STOC 2018] are combinatorial objects recently introduced to unify all known dictionary compression techniques in a single theory. A set $\Gamma\subseteq [1..n]$ is a $k$-attractor for a string $S\in[1..\sigma]^n$ if and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza , Eva Rotenberg

A suffixient set is a novel combinatorial object that captures the essential information of repetitive strings in a way that, provided with a random access mechanism, supports various forms of pattern matching. In this paper, we study the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hiroto Fujimaru , Gonzalo Navarro , Giuseppe Romana , Cristian Urbina

We prove that for $n\geq 2$, the size $b(t_n)$ of the smallest bidirectional scheme for the $n$th Thue--Morse word $t_n$ is $n+2$. Since Kutsukake et al. [SPIRE 2020] show that the size $\gamma(t_n)$ of the smallest string attractor for…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Hideo Bannai , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Tomohiro I , Dominik Koeppl , Takuya Mieno , Takaaki Nishimoto

In today's data-centric world, fast and effective compression of data is paramount. To measure success towards the second goal, Kempa and Prezza [STOC2018] introduce the string attractor, a combinatorial object unifying dictionary-based…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Philip Whittington

We present a simple adaptation of the Lempel Ziv 78' (LZ78) compression scheme ({\em IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1978}) that supports efficient random access to the input string. Namely, given query access to the compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Akashnil Dutta , Reut Levi , Dana Ron , Ronitt Rubinfeld
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