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Related papers: Beyond ReLU: How Activations Affect Neural Kernels…

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State-of-the-art neural networks are heavily over-parameterized, making the optimization algorithm a crucial ingredient for learning predictive models with good generalization properties. A recent line of work has shown that in a certain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Alberto Bietti , Julien Mairal

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) have been proposed to study the behavior of trained neural networks from the perspective of Gaussian processes. An important result in this body of work is the theorem of equivalence between a trained neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Haoran Liu , Anthony Tai , David J. Crandall , Chunfeng Huang

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is an important milestone in the ongoing effort to build a theory for deep learning. Its prediction that sufficiently wide neural networks behave as kernel methods, or equivalently as random feature models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Maxim Samarin , Volker Roth , David Belius

The loss surfaces of deep neural networks have been the subject of several studies, theoretical and experimental, over the last few years. One strand of work considers the complexity, in the sense of local optima, of high dimensional random…

Artificial neural networks have revolutionized machine learning in recent years, but a complete theoretical framework for their learning process is still lacking. Substantial advances were achieved for wide networks, within two disparate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yehonatan Avidan , Qianyi Li , Haim Sompolinsky

A simple approach is proposed to obtain complexity controls for neural networks with general activation functions. The approach is motivated by approximating the general activation functions with one-dimensional ReLU networks, which reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Zhong Li , Chao Ma , Lei Wu

Activation functions play a crucial role in neural networks because they are the nonlinearities which have been attributed to the success story of deep learning. One of the currently most popular activation functions is ReLU, but several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Steffen Eger , Paul Youssef , Iryna Gurevych

Recent theoretical work has shown that massively overparameterized neural networks are equivalent to kernel regressors that use Neural Tangent Kernels(NTK). Experiments show that these kernel methods perform similarly to real neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Amnon Geifman , Abhay Yadav , Yoni Kasten , Meirav Galun , David Jacobs , Ronen Basri

A recent line of work has analyzed the theoretical properties of deep neural networks via the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). In particular, the smallest eigenvalue of the NTK has been related to the memorization capacity, the global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-23 Quynh Nguyen , Marco Mondelli , Guido Montufar

This paper investigates the ability of finite samples to identify two-layer irreducible shallow networks with various nonlinear activation functions, including rectified linear units (ReLU) and analytic functions such as the logistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yu Xia , Zhiqiang Xu

The effectiveness of deep neural architectures has been widely supported in terms of both experimental and foundational principles. There is also clear evidence that the activation function (e.g. the rectifier and the LSTM units) plays a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Giuseppe Marra , Dario Zanca , Alessandro Betti , Marco Gori

Deep networks are gradually penetrating almost every domain in our lives due to their amazing success. However, with substantive performance accuracy improvements comes the price of \emph{irreproducibility}. Two identical models, trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Gil I. Shamir , Dong Lin , Lorenzo Coviello

Rectified linear unit (ReLU) activations can also be thought of as 'gates', which, either pass or stop their pre-activation input when they are 'on' (when the pre-activation input is positive) or 'off' (when the pre-activation input is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Chandrashekar Lakshminarayanan , Amit Vikram Singh

Using an extended and formalized version of the Q/C map analysis of Poole et al. (2016), along with Neural Tangent Kernel theory, we identify the main pathologies present in deep networks that prevent them from training fast and…

Deep neural networks, as a powerful system to represent high dimensional complex functions, play a key role in deep learning. Convergence of deep neural networks is a fundamental issue in building the mathematical foundation for deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Wentao Huang , Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

Activation functions are non-linearities in neural networks that allow them to learn complex mapping between inputs and outputs. Typical choices for activation functions are ReLU, Tanh, Sigmoid etc., where the choice generally depends on…

We find that simple neural networks with ReLU activation generate polytopes as an approximation of a unit sphere in various dimensions. The species of polytopes are regulated by the network architecture, such as the number of units and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Koji Hashimoto , Tomoya Naito , Hisashi Naito

Neural networks have shown tremendous growth in recent years to solve numerous problems. Various types of neural networks have been introduced to deal with different types of problems. However, the main goal of any neural network is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Shiv Ram Dubey , Satish Kumar Singh , Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri

Neural networks are universal function approximators which are known to generalize well despite being dramatically overparameterized. We study this phenomenon from the point of view of the spectral bias of neural networks. Our contributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Qingguo Hong , Jonathan W. Siegel , Qinyang Tan , Jinchao Xu

Expressiveness and generalization of deep models was recently addressed via the connection between neural networks (NNs) and kernel learning, where first-order dynamics of NN during a gradient-descent (GD) optimization were related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman