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Classically, surface tension is seen as a force per unit length or as energy per unit area. The surface energy is calculated thermodynamically on the surface of a mathematical layer with no thickness. The surface energy concept is certainly…
A rigidity theory is developed for frameworks in a metric space with two types of distance constraints. Mixed sparsity graph characterisations are obtained for the infinitesimal and continuous rigidity of completely regular bar-joint…
Energy conditions for matter fields are comprehensively investigated in arbitrary $n(\ge 3)$ dimensions without specifying future and past directions locally. We classify an energy-momentum tensor into $n$-dimensional counterparts of the…
The role of numerical accuracy in training and evaluating neural network-based potential energy surfaces is examined for different experimental observables. For observables that require third- and fourth-order derivatives of the total…
Free energy, widely used as a measure of turbulence intensity in weakly collisional plasmas, has been recently found to be a suitable basis to describe both linear and nonlinear growth in a wide class gyrokinetic systems. The simplicity…
We present a formulation for high-order generalized periodicity conditions in the context of a high-order electromechanical theory including flexoelectricity, strain gradient elasticity and gradient dielectricity, with the goal of studying…
In the direct approach to continua in reduced space dimensions, a thin shell is described as a mathematical surface in three-dimensional space. An exploratory kinematic study of such surfaces could be very valuable, especially if conducted…
We investigate the relationship between stability and the existence of extremal K\"ahler metrics on certain toric surfaces. In particular, we consider how log stability depends on weights for toric surfaces whose moment polytope is a…
The XY model with quenched random phase shifts is studied by a T=0 finite size defect energy scaling method in 2d and 3d. The defect energy is defined by a change in the boundary conditions from those compatible with the true ground state…
This paper focuses on second-order necessary optimality conditions for constrained optimization problems on Banach spaces. For problems in the classical setting, where the objective function is $C^2$-smooth, we show that strengthened…
For two different scenarios regarding thin elastic structures, described by 2d-F\"oppl-von K\'arm\'an plate models, we obtain energy scaling laws. Firstly, assuming the reference geometry being that of a singular excess-cone, we obtain…
Hierarchical (first-order) structured deformations are studied from the variational point of view. The main contributions of the present research are the first steps, at the theoretical level, to establish a variational framework to…
An asymptotic analysis is performed for thin anisotropic elastic plate clamped along its lateral side and also supported at a small area $\theta_{h}$ of one base with diameter of the same order as the plate thickness $h\ll1.$ A…
Geometric modeling by constraints, whose applications are of interest to communities from various fields such as mechanical engineering, computer aided design, symbolic computation or molecular chemistry, is now integrated into standard…
We study the stable configurations of a thin three-dimensional weakly prestrained rod subject to a terminal load as the thickness of the section vanishes. By $\Gamma$-convergence we derive a one-dimensional limit theory and show that…
We reconsider non-degenerate second order superintegrable systems in dimension two as geometric structures on conformal surfaces. This extends a formalism developed by the authors, initially introduced for (pseudo-)Riemannian manifolds of…
Size dependent hardness has long been reported in nanosized indentations, however the corresponding explanation is still in exploration. In this paper, we examine the influence of surface energy on the hardness of materials under spherical…
A key test for any quasi-local energy in general relativity is that it be nonnegative and satisfy a rigidity property; if it vanishes, the region enclosed is flat. We show that the Hawking energy, when evaluated on its natural…
Athermal (i.e. zero-temperature) under-constrained systems are typically floppy, but they can be rigidified by the application of external strain, which is theoretically well understood. Here and in the companion paper, we extend this…
Symmetric and antisymmetric terms have been obtained in the framework of the variational approach for two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb systems of symmetric trions XXY. Stability diagrams and certain anomalies arising in the 2D space are…