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Despite recent progress in systematic evaluation frameworks, benchmarking the uncertainty of large language models (LLMs) remains a highly challenging task. Existing methods for benchmarking the uncertainty of LLMs face three key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Xunzhi Wang , Zhuowei Zhang , Gaonan Chen , Qiongyu Li , Bitong Luo , Zhixin Han , Haotian Wang , Zhiyu li , Hang Gao , Mengting Hu

Benchmarks play a crucial role in tracking the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and identifying their capability boundaries. However, existing benchmarks predominantly curate questions at the question level, suffering from…

Large language models, trained on massive corpora, are prone to verbatim memorization of training data, creating significant privacy and copyright risks. While previous works have proposed various definitions for memorization, many exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Trung Cuong Dang , David Mohaisen

The tendency to find and exploit "shortcuts" to complete tasks poses significant risks for reliable assessment and deployment of large language models (LLMs). For example, an LLM agent with access to unit tests may delete failing tests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ziqian Zhong , Aditi Raghunathan , Nicholas Carlini

Large language models (LLMs), as a novel information technology, are seeing increasing adoption in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) field. They have shown their potential to streamline processes throughout the building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Chen Liang , Zhaoqi Huang , Haofen Wang , Fu Chai , Chunying Yu , Huanhuan Wei , Zhengjie Liu , Yanpeng Li , Hongjun Wang , Ruifeng Luo , Xianzhong Zhao

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has unlocked great opportunities in complex data management tasks, particularly in question answering (QA) over complicated multi-table relational data. Despite significant progress, systematically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zipeng Qiu , You Peng , Guangxin He , Binhang Yuan , Chen Wang

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on knowledge editing to support knowledge-intensive reasoning, but this flexibility also introduces critical safety risks: adversaries can inject malicious or misleading knowledge that corrupts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qinghua Mao , Xi Lin , Jinze Gu , Jun Wu , Siyuan Li , Yuliang Chen

The rapid evolution and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in professional workflows require an evaluation of their domain-specific knowledge against industry standards. We introduceCyberCertBench, a new suite of Multiple Choice Question…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gustav Keppler , Ghada Elbez , Veit Hagenmeyer

We present LLMStructBench, a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on extracting structured data and generating valid JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) outputs from natural-language text. Our open dataset comprises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in privacy-critical and personalization-oriented scenarios, yet the role of context length in shaping privacy leakage and personalization effectiveness remains largely unexplored. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shangding Gu

Traditional benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) typically rely on static evaluations through storytelling or opinion expression, which fail to capture the dynamic requirements of real-time information processing in contemporary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jingyao Li , Hao Sun , Zile Qiao , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Hong Xu , Jiaya Jia

The advances made by Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the pursuit of LLM agents that can solve intricate, multi-step reasoning tasks. As with any research pursuit, benchmarking and evaluation are key corner stones to efficient and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Luca Gioacchini , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Kiril Gashteovski , David Friede , Roberto Bifulco , Carolin Lawrence

Modern language models (LMs) pose a new challenge in capability assessment. Static benchmarks inevitably saturate without providing confidence in the deployment tolerances of LM-based systems, but developers nonetheless claim that their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Michael Saxon , Ari Holtzman , Peter West , William Yang Wang , Naomi Saphra

Despite impressive advances in large language models (LLMs), existing benchmarks often focus on single-turn or single-step tasks, failing to capture the kind of iterative reasoning required in real-world settings. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yiran Zhang , Mo Wang , Xiaoyang Li , Kaixuan Ren , Chencheng Zhu , Usman Naseem

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value cache (KV cache) to accelerate decoding by reducing redundant computations. However, the KV cache memory usage grows substantially with longer text sequences, posing challenges for efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yixuan Wang , Shiyu Ji , Yijun Liu , Yuzhuang Xu , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on mathematical reasoning under well-defined conditions. However, real-world engineering problems involve uncertainty, context, and open-ended settings that extend beyond symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xiyuan Zhou , Xinlei Wang , Yirui He , Yang Wu , Ruixi Zou , Yuheng Cheng , Yulu Xie , Wenxuan Liu , Huan Zhao , Yan Xu , Jinjin Gu , Junhua Zhao

Perplexity is a widely adopted metric for assessing the predictive quality of large language models (LLMs) and often serves as a reference metric for downstream evaluations. However, recent evidence shows that perplexity can be unreliable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Letian Cheng , Junyan Wang , Yan Gao , Elliott Wen , Ting Dang , Hong Jia

Existing studies on bias mitigation methods for large language models (LLMs) use diverse baselines and metrics to evaluate debiasing performance, leading to inconsistent comparisons among them. Moreover, their evaluations are mostly based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xin Xu , Xunzhi He , Churan Zhi , Ruizhe Chen , Julian McAuley , Zexue He

Training data leakage from Large Language Models (LLMs) raises serious concerns related to privacy, security, and copyright compliance. A central challenge in assessing this risk is distinguishing genuine memorization of training data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Trishita Tiwari , Ari Trachtenberg , G. Edward Suh

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in assisting scientific research, yet their ability to discover high-quality research hypotheses remains unexamined due to the lack of a dedicated benchmark. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujie Liu , Zonglin Yang , Tong Xie , Jinjie Ni , Ben Gao , Yuqiang Li , Shixiang Tang , Wanli Ouyang , Erik Cambria , Dongzhan Zhou
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